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- Primarily consumable is Ethanol in many forms ( beer, wine, tequila, whiskey, gin,
etc.)
- Alcohol originated from 9000 to 4000 B.C. with the discovery of beer back in Ancient
Egyptian times.
Ethanol
- GABA Receptors
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
What is the Mechanism of Action?
-. Sedation
-. Relief of Anxiety
1.Cardiovascular System
1.Smooth Muscle
-. Muscle Relaxation
Increase Libido
Soothes sore throat
Freshens Breath (Vodka)
Good Cholesterol
For malaria infections
Decrease chances of common cold
What are the Side Effects of Alcohols?
1. Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract
3.Cardiovascular System
- Cardiomyopathy and heart failure
- Arrhythmias
- Hypertension
- Coronary Heart Disease
4. Blood
- Hematopoiesis
- Proliferation of all cellular elements in
bone marrow.
- Mild anemia (alcohol-related folic acid
deficiency)
5. Endocrine System and Electrolyte
Balance
- Derangement in steroid hormone
balance.
- Disorders of fluid and electrolyte
balance.
6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-teratogenic effects
Mental retardation and congenital malformation
-abnormalities
1. Intrauterine growth retardation
2. Microcephaly
3. Poor coordination
4. Underdevelopment of midfacial region
5. Minor joint anomalies
-. Congenital heart
7. Immune system
- Immune function
Inhibited (lung)
Triggered (liver,pancreas)
8. Increased Risk of Cancer
- Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Esophagus, Liver,
Breast cancer
- Primary metabolite: acetaldehyde
Mechanism of Side Effect
3. Cardiovascular System
Cellular signaling
Plaque formation
4. Blood
fetal tissues have far less antioxidant protection than adult tissues
as they express no significant quantities ADH or ALDH, and far less
antioxidant enzymes like SOD, glutathion transferases or
glutathion peroxidases
7. Immune System