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The document discusses an experiment that measured stem flow from three tree species - banana, pine, and damar - to understand how canopy architecture influences runoff. The experiment involved collecting stem flow water from each tree species over three days. The results showed that banana trees generated the most stem flow at 800ml, followed by damar trees at 550ml, with pine trees generating the least at 150ml. This was attributed to differences in branching patterns and leaf shapes between the species. The conclusion is that stem flow plays an important role in nutrient cycling and runoff, and is influenced by tree characteristics.
The document discusses an experiment that measured stem flow from three tree species - banana, pine, and damar - to understand how canopy architecture influences runoff. The experiment involved collecting stem flow water from each tree species over three days. The results showed that banana trees generated the most stem flow at 800ml, followed by damar trees at 550ml, with pine trees generating the least at 150ml. This was attributed to differences in branching patterns and leaf shapes between the species. The conclusion is that stem flow plays an important role in nutrient cycling and runoff, and is influenced by tree characteristics.
The document discusses an experiment that measured stem flow from three tree species - banana, pine, and damar - to understand how canopy architecture influences runoff. The experiment involved collecting stem flow water from each tree species over three days. The results showed that banana trees generated the most stem flow at 800ml, followed by damar trees at 550ml, with pine trees generating the least at 150ml. This was attributed to differences in branching patterns and leaf shapes between the species. The conclusion is that stem flow plays an important role in nutrient cycling and runoff, and is influenced by tree characteristics.
on stem flow at Al-Jabr Islamic School Background Research As we know stream of water is uncontrolled its because of surface water in abnormal quantity, As a result from heavy falls of rainwater runoff at school. Different types of tree canopy architectures have a vital role to manage and break the rainfall to prevent the flood. For one thing, the tree canopy can intercept some rain, which can then evaporate before it even reaches the ground. But this only reduces the effective rainfall by a few millimeters, and when low temperatures reduce evaporation and deciduous trees have shed their leaves. Weve all taken shelter under a trees canopy during a storm, grateful for its ability to intercept rain. You may not realize this, but rainwater that passes through tree canopies is modified both volumetrically and chemically in processes that have been relatively well studied in forests. That modification, which encompasses several different components, is what makes being under tree a good place to stay dry. Questions Can we really prevent floods by planting more trees? What is the effect of tree species on canopy rainfall perception? How does stem flow drained from the braches and leaves runs down towards stem of tree? How the stem dripping influenced by bark roughness? How do we measure canopy rainfall interception ? Why is affected of stream water run off? What are the factors of infiltration on the rainfall amount? What is the different of three species to generate stem flow according to the tree, tree size, intensity of rainfall, rough-barked trees and size of leaves? Hypothesis I think, the effective ways to prevent the flood by planting the plant/ species of tree which is it can manage water balance in the ecosystem. The rainfall is termed as interception loss which is held by the process of evaporation, through fall and stem flow. I think, proportion of the rainfall depends on climate factors include rainfall amount, intensity, duration, wind speed, canopy structure, leaf sizes, leaf branch properties. Stems flow volume depends on tree species, crown size, leaf shape, orientation, branch angle, and bark roughness. Materials of experiment: Three trees each of Damar (Agathi Alba) which is branch diameter 26 cm, Pine (Pine Mercussii) which is diameter 52 cm , Banana tree ( Musa paradisica) which is branch diameter 39 cm. trees having healthy canopy were selected for the experiment. These three tree species were chosen due to their discriminant canopy architecture, leaf size and branch orientation. 3 containers 3 pipe with a long size 1 meter. Tape, and measuring tape Measuring cup Infra board/collar made of plastic funnel was used to trap and measure stem flow coming down the tree. Procedures: The size of the funnel was selected based on the diameter of the trees, each funnel was cut to fit it to the tree. The contact area between the tree and funnel was sealed with the help of adhesive and cello tape. Before fitting the funnel to the tree, a hole was made at the bottom of the cut of the funnel and the other to a clean plastic container for collection the stem flow water. Shows in the picture, the instrumentation for measuring the stem flow. Result:
Rainfall events were studied April 8th to 10th April 2017.
Banana Tree Pine Tree Damar tree 800 ml 150 ml 550 ml Conclusion In this study we compared the stem flow volume collected. The differences happened due to the favorable branching pattern and leaf shape. Findings of the present study also show that stem flow plays an important role in nutrient cycling process by returning nutrients back to the soil. The generation of higher stem flow volume in case of pine tree is due to concave orientation of branches and leaves. Result showed that a significant amount of nutrients leached from Pine, Damar, and Banana tree through stem flow process.