RF and GSM based wireless

power theft monitoring

 ABSTRACT
The main objective of the project is to develop a wireless
energy meter for detecting power theft.
The microcontroller takes the reading from the energy
meter and displays the reading on the LCD through RF
communication.
One RF transmitter is installed consumers house another
at substation, there is continuous communication between this
two module. Because it transmit numbers of pulses generated
at energy meter.
If a consumers try to theft electricity there is a communication
break between these systems so that the theft can easily catch with
help of our project. And same time a sms send to the electricity board
office with details of theft consumer.
PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

POWER SUPPLY BLOCK

Arduino Uno board
GSM COMMUNICATION
GSM MODEM
LCD DISPLAY
ENERGY METER
1N4007
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
RF MODULE
 What is Power Supply Circuit ?

Convert from input of 230 V AC to 5 V of regulated DC for the operation of

MCU

780
5

Voltage Regulated IC
Rectifier
Step Down
Transformer
 DESCRIPTION OF ARDUINO UNO
ATMEGA328
TheArduino Unois amicrocontroller boardbased on the
ATmega328 ."Uno" means one in Italian and is named to
mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. It has14 digital
input/output pins,6 analog inputs, A16 MHz ceramic
resonator, A USB connection, A power jack, An ICSP header
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to
get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that
it does not use the FTDIUSB-to-serial driver chip. Instead,
it features the Atmega16U2Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
 WORKING OF ARDUINO UNO ATMEGA328

The Arduino UNO can be powered via the USB connection or with an
external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter
(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a
2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a
battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the Power
connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20
volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply
less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than
12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is7 to 12 volts
PINOUT OF ARDUINO UNO
ATMEGA328
 FEATURES OF ARDUINO UNO ATMEGA328

Microcontroller:ATmeg328.
Operating Voltage:5V.
Input Voltage:7-12V.
Digital I/O Pins:14(of which 6 provide PWM output).
Analog Input Pins:6.
DC Current:40 mA.
DC Current:50 mA.
Flash Memory:32 KB.
SRAM:2 KB.
EEPROM:1 KB.
Clock Speed:16 MHz.
ENERGY METER
An energy or electric meter is a device that
measures the amount of electrical energy
consumed by a residence, business, or an
electrically-powered device.
Electric meters are typically calibrated in billing
units, the most common one being the kilowatt
hour.
Periodic readings of electric meters establish
billing cycles and energy used during a cycle.
BC547
The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial
Silicon Transistor.
The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose
transistor in small plastic packages.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
Whenever base is high, then current starts
flowing through base and emitter and after that
only current will pass from collector to emitter

GSM COMMUNICATION
The term GSM usually means the GSM standard
and protocols in the frequency spectrum around
900MHz.
MS
- Mobile Station:
The MS is the physical equipment used by a
subscriber, most often a normal hand-held cellular
telephone.
BTS
-Base Transceiver Station:
The BTS comprises the radio transmission and
reception devices, and also manages the signal
processing related to the air interface.
 GSM MODEM

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card,

and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile
phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the
computer to
use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.
While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide
mobile internet
connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and
receiving SMS and
MMS messages.
 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are
16x2 and 20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20
characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to
the controller chip which receives data from an external
source (and communicates directly with the LCD.
 LCD BACKGROUND
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)
 RF MODULE
The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio
Frequency. The corresponding frequency range varies between
30 kHz & 300 GHz.
Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) .

Signals through RF can travel through larger distance.

This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF

Receiver.
Tx/Rx pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz.

The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps

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SPECIFICATION
Range in open space (standard condition) 100 meter
RX receiver frequency : 433MHz

RX typical sensitivity : 105dBm

Rx supply current : 3.5mA

Rx IF frequency : 1MHz

Low power consumption

Easy for application

RX operation voltage : 5V

TX frequency Range : 433.92MHz

TX supply voltage; 3V~6V

TX out put power : 4 ~ 12Dbm

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PIN LAYOUT

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DECODER ENCODER
Parallel encoder/decoder
4 bits: HT12D / HT12E
8 bits : CIP-8

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HT12D DECODER
Features:
Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V
Low power and high noise immunity
CMOS technology
Low standby current
Capable address setting
Received codes are checked 3 times
Address/data number combination
8 address bits and 4 data bits 20/44
DECODER IC PIN CONFIGURATION

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HT12E ENCODER
Features:

Operating voltage 2.4V~12V

Low power and high noise immunity CMOS

technology
Low standby current: 0.1A (typ.) at VDD=5V

Four words

Built in oscillator needs only 5% resistance

Data code has positive polarity

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Encoder Pin configuration
Figure:-Encoder(HT12E)
Complete circuit Diagram

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 WORKING OF PROJECT

In this Project we use RF technology, gsm and embedded

system technology for electricity theft detection. One RF
transmitter is implementing on the energy meter installed in
the consumers home. That RF transmitter is transmitting
the pulse generated of our traditional energy meter when
any load is connected to it. And another RF receiver is
installed on the nearest substation with 8051 micro
controller, LCD and GSM module. This automation system
is always monitoring the actual status of traditional energy
meter because there is wireless communication between
consumers energy meter and substation energy meter. If a
consumers try to theft electricity there is a communication
break between these systems so that the theft can easily
catch with help of our project. And same time a sms send to
the electricity board office with details of theft consumer.
 BIBILOGRAPHY
Atmega 328 Data Sheets.
www.atmel.com
www.beyondlogic.org
www.wikipedia.org
www.howstuffworks.com
www.alldatasheets.com
 K YO U
TH A N