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5
Voltage Regulated IC
Rectifier
Step Down
Transformer
DESCRIPTION OF ARDUINO UNO
ATMEGA328
TheArduino Unois amicrocontroller boardbased on the
ATmega328 ."Uno" means one in Italian and is named to
mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. It has14 digital
input/output pins,6 analog inputs, A16 MHz ceramic
resonator, A USB connection, A power jack, An ICSP header
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to
get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that
it does not use the FTDIUSB-to-serial driver chip. Instead,
it features the Atmega16U2Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
WORKING OF ARDUINO UNO ATMEGA328
The Arduino UNO can be powered via the USB connection or with an
external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter
(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a
2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a
battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the Power
connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20
volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply
less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than
12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is7 to 12 volts
PINOUT OF ARDUINO UNO
ATMEGA328
FEATURES OF ARDUINO UNO ATMEGA328
Microcontroller:ATmeg328.
Operating Voltage:5V.
Input Voltage:7-12V.
Digital I/O Pins:14(of which 6 provide PWM output).
Analog Input Pins:6.
DC Current:40 mA.
DC Current:50 mA.
Flash Memory:32 KB.
SRAM:2 KB.
EEPROM:1 KB.
Clock Speed:16 MHz.
ENERGY METER
An energy or electric meter is a device that
measures the amount of electrical energy
consumed by a residence, business, or an
electrically-powered device.
Electric meters are typically calibrated in billing
units, the most common one being the kilowatt
hour.
Periodic readings of electric meters establish
billing cycles and energy used during a cycle.
BC547
The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial
Silicon Transistor.
The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose
transistor in small plastic packages.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
Whenever base is high, then current starts
flowing through base and emitter and after that
only current will pass from collector to emitter
GSM COMMUNICATION
The term GSM usually means the GSM standard
and protocols in the frequency spectrum around
900MHz.
MS
- Mobile Station:
The MS is the physical equipment used by a
subscriber, most often a normal hand-held cellular
telephone.
BTS
-Base Transceiver Station:
The BTS comprises the radio transmission and
reception devices, and also manages the signal
processing related to the air interface.
GSM MODEM
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SPECIFICATION
Range in open space (standard condition) 100 meter
RX receiver frequency : 433MHz
Rx IF frequency : 1MHz
RX operation voltage : 5V
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PIN LAYOUT
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DECODER ENCODER
Parallel encoder/decoder
4 bits: HT12D / HT12E
8 bits : CIP-8
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HT12D DECODER
Features:
Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V
Low power and high noise immunity
CMOS technology
Low standby current
Capable address setting
Received codes are checked 3 times
Address/data number combination
8 address bits and 4 data bits 20/44
DECODER IC PIN CONFIGURATION
21/44
HT12E ENCODER
Features:
technology
Low standby current: 0.1A (typ.) at VDD=5V
Four words
22/44
Encoder Pin configuration
Figure:-Encoder(HT12E)
Complete circuit Diagram
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WORKING OF PROJECT