Cell=Microunivers

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 The cell is the building block of organisms that can
carry on all the processes of life.
The average human being is composed of around 100
Trillion individual cells!!!
It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot
on the letter i
It is amazing to think that the cells that make up our
bodies are just as alive as we are. Humans are just an
intricately designed community of cells, which must
work together to survive.
Cells are one of the strongest cases for intelligent design!!!

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 TYPES OF CELL
There are two different kinds of cells
according to the presence of nucleus
1)membrane.
PROKARYOTES: 2) EUKARYOTES:
They have a nucleus
There is no nucleus membrane which encloses
membrane and as a result the chromatin material DNA
there is no true nucleus in and nucleolus.
these cells. They have membranous
DNA is located freely in a organelles.
special region in cytoplasm.
This region is called
nucleoid.
They have no membranous
organelles. (like
mitochondria, chloroplasts,
ER etc.)

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 Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells
Bacterial cells also contain flagellum, plasmid and capsule .
Feature Prokaryote Eukaryote
NUCLEUS No nucleus Nucleus
SIZE Relatively Relatively big
small
GENETIC Circular DNA DNA in form of linear
MATERIAL (in cytoplasm) chromosomes ( in
nucleus)
ORGANELLES Few present, Many membrane
none covered organelles
membrane present
bound
LOCATION Bacteria, Plants, animals, fungi
and protists
RIBOSOMES Smaller 70S Bigger 80S
REPRODUCTI Reproduce Reproduce slowly
5 ON quickly
Cell=Microuniverse
 Comparing Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes

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 All types of cells share some common
structural features, including:
an outer boundary called the cell membrane,
interior substance called cytoplasm,
structural support called the cytoskeleton,
genetic material in the form of DNA
cellular structures that make proteins, called
ribosomes

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 Prokaryotic Cells
The living things can be classified in 5 Kingdoms;
Prokaryoti
Kingdom 1: MONERA
Ex: Bacteria, viruses,
c blue-green algae,
LIVING THINGS
richetsia
Kingdom 2: AS IT IS SHOWN ON
PROTISTA THE DRAWING ONLY
KINGDOM MONERA
Kingdom 3: FUNGI MEMBERS ARE
PROKARYOTIC
Eukaryo
ORGANISMS
tic
Kingdom 4: PLANTAE

Kingdom 5:
8 ANIMALIA
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 BACTERIUM IS THE BEST EXAMPLE FOR
PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

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Eukaryotic Cells
They are composed of three main parts;
Cell membrane or Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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11 Cell=Microuniverse
 CELL WALL
The cell membrane of plant cells is surrounded
by a thick cell wall, composed of proteins and
carbohydrates (mainly cellulose).
A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most
bacteria.
The cell wall
helps support and maintain the shape of the cell
protects the cell from damage
connects the cell with adjacent cells

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 Cell membrane
Plasma membrane
Cell membrane is a selectively
permeable barrier that determines
which substances enter and leave
the cell.

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 Functions of Cell membrane
1) It determines the shape of the cell. Also, it
forms a barrier between the cell and its
environment.

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 Functions of Cell membrane
2) It protects the cell from external effects.

Micro needle

Cell membrane
Ovum

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 Functions of Cell membrane
3) It provides the recognition of the
substances which arrive the surface of the
membrane.

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 Functions of Cell membrane
4) It provides the transportation of the
substances because of its selective
permeable nature.
Substances to
pass through Protein
the membrane channel

Lipid Lipid
Bilaye Molecule
r

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 Cytoplasm is the gelatin-like aqueous
enviroment between the plasma membrane and the
nucleus.
It is viscous, semifluid and jelly-like.

N
C

C.M

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 Organelles

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 Organelles comprise the essential
machinery that perform all cell activities in the
cell.
They are the small parts or structures of cell
specialised to perform a variety of specific
functions.

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 The plant and the animal cells contain mainly
the same cytoplasmic organelles but there
are some differences
ORGANELLES ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
1) Mitochondria + +
2) Ribosome + +
3) E.R + +
Golgi
4) + +
Apparatus
5) Centrosome + -
6) Lysosome + -
7) Plastids - +
8) Vacuoles + +
9) Peroxisomes + +
10) Nucleus + +
11) Cell wall - +
12) Cell membrane + +

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