Module 2

Open Source Applications and

Licenses

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Exam Objective
1.2 Major Open Source Applications
Objective Summary
Understanding Desktop, Server, and
Mobile Applications
Introducing Development Languages
and Package Management

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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
The Many Faces of Linux

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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Linux plays many roles
Servers are usually unattended and
handle data on behalf of other
machines
file servers, web servers, mail servers
Desktops a.k.a. clients are more
interactive, often graphical
Mobile is a tablet or phone
Development is much like a
desktop but with more capacity for
development
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Web Servers
Serve static web pages to clients via
HTTP
Can also serve dynamic content by
adding PHP, Java, Ruby, Python, etc
Apache and Nginx are the most
popular web servers
65% of websites use Apache or Nginx

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Mail Servers
Mail Transfer Agents move email
between sites
sendmail, postfix
Mail Delivery Agents deliver email
to a users mailbox
Procmail or custom software
POP/IMAP servers let clients
download mail
Dovecot, Cyrus
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 File Servers
Network File System is the native
UNIX file sharing protocol
Samba allows a Unix machine to
emulate a Windows client and server
Netatalk allows a Unix machine to
emulate an Apple file server

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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Infrastructure
ISC bind is a Domain Name System
server
resolves names to addresses and more
OpenLDAP is a LDAP server for
directory information
ISC DHCP configures dynamic
clients through the Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol

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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Databases
MySQL and PostgreSQL are relational
database servers
Database servers store and report on
structured data
SQL is a language used to query a
relational database:
SELECT * FROM users;

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Graphical Desktop
X-Windows is the base graphical
system
Provides windows and basic primitives
A.k.a. X11 or X.org
Window managers add menus and
window management (open, close,
hide, etc)
Desktop environments provide
window managers and tools
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Window Managers
Compiz, FVWM, Enlightenment,
Metacity
Takes the basic windows and
provides the chrome to move, close,
open, etc
Switches focus between running
applications
Adds menus and application
launchers
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Desktop Environment
KDE, GNOME, Unity
Window manager + tools
Basic tools like calculator, games,
notepad
File manager
Workflow tools, such as shortcuts to
launch applications or search the
computer

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Office/Productivity
LibreOffice is a fork of OpenOffice
Includes word processor,
spreadsheet, presentation package,
drawing tool
Good compatibility with Microsoft
Office file formats

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Web and Email
Chromium and FireFox are popular
open source browsers
These browsers are also cross platform
and popular, ensuring excellent support
Thunderbird, Evolution, and KMail are
popular email clients
Use POP/IMAP to retrieve email

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Console tools
The Shell is the primary way of
interacting with the system
Bourne shell family
C shell family
Other hybrid shells such as ksh and zsh
Text editors
Vi/vim
Emacs
Pico/nano
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Development
Languages are either Compiled or
Interpreted
C, C++, Java are compiled
PHP, Perl, Ruby, Python are interpreted
Tradeoff of programmer productivity
vs computing resources
Libraries bundle common behavior to
reduce the amount of code needed

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Open Source Licensing

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Exam Objective
1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and
Licensing

Objective Summary
Describe the various software licenses
and their differences
Know the organizations involved in open
source

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Software Licenses
The creator of the software owns the
copyright to the software
The creator grants a software
license for people to use the
software
Some licenses take away rights,
others give rights

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Free Software Foundation
Started by Richard Stallman in 1985
Also run the GNU project that
provides tools to Linux and other
Unix Oses
GPLv2 and GPLv3 licenses allow you
to modify and redistribute the
software
Copyleft provision dictates that you
must share source code to your
changes
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 GPL
GPL is a popular Free Software
license
GPL is viral as changes must also
use GPL
LGPL lets you link non GPL libraries
GPL3 prevents Tivoization
Using proprietary hardware to
circumvent GPL provisions
You may charge a nominal fee to
cover your costs of distribution
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Open Source Initiative
Bruce Perens and Eric Raymond
started the OSI in 1998
Copyleft clauses are too extreme,
FSF was too political
OSI doesnt make licenses, only
endorses them
FSF licenses are OSI approved, but
OSI licenses arent necessarily FSF
approved
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Permissive Free Software
An OSI license must allow the source
to be open, to be modified,
redistributed, and to be used by
anyone for any purpose
BSD and MIT licenses allow you to
use and redistribute software, or to
keep your changes private and use it
in proprietary software

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 FOSS/FLOSS
Free (Libre) and Open Source
Software
A catch-all term
Software can be free as in beer
and/or free as in speech

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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Non software licensing
Art and written material can be
licensed, too
Public domain disavows any
copyright restrictions
Creative Commons has a variety of
licenses to allow people to use the
work under certain restrictions

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Creative Commons
Attribution must acknowledge the
author
ShareAlike copyleft
No-Derivs you may not change the
content
NonCommercial no commercial use
Combinations are allowed, such as
Attribution-No-Derivs-
NonCommercial
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No Rights Reserved public domain

Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
 Making money with Open
Source
Sell services, support, warranty
Work on features in exchange for
money
Use Open Source in your day
job/consulting
Use work time to fix/improve Open
Source
Build paid plugins/modules (subject
to license restrictions)
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.

Open Source work lends credibility to

Copyright Network Development Group 2013.