Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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Sections:
1. Discrete Process Control
2. Ladder Logic Diagrams
3. Programmable Logic Controllers
4. Personal Computers Using Soft Logic
Discrete Process Control
Logic gates:
AND output = 1 if all inputs = 1, zero otherwise
OR output = 1 if any input = 1, zero otherwise
NOT output = 1 if (single) input = 0, and vice versa
NAND combination of AND and NOT
NOR combination of OR and NOT
Boolean Algebra & Truth Tables
OR function is expressed as
Y = X1+X2
X2
Y2
Y1
X1
Solution
X2 X2 Y2= ( X1 Y1) X2
Y1
X1 X1+Y1
Truth Table
Sequencing
Construct the ladder logic diagrams for (a) the NAND gate
and (b) the NOR gate.
Solution:
X1 X2 C
(a) NAND C Y
C
X1
(b) NOR
X2
Y
C
( X1 Y1) X2
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Programming
Programming Processor
Processor I/O
I/O
Outputs
Device
Device && Memory
Memory Module
Module
Inputs
Advantages of PLCs Compared to
Relay Control Panels
Programming a PLC is easier than wiring a relay control
panel
PLC can be reprogrammed
PLCs take less floor space
Greater reliability, easier maintenance
PLC can be connected to computer systems (CIM)
PLCs can perform a greater variety of control functions
Typical PLC Operating Cycle
1. Input scan inputs are read by processor and stored in
memory
2. Program scan control program is executed
Input values stored in memory are used in the control
logic calculations to determine values of outputs
3. Output scan output values are updated to agree with
calculated values
Time to perform the three steps (scan time) varies
between 1 and 25 msec
PLC Programming
Graphical languages:
1. Ladder logic diagrams most widely used
2. Function block diagrams instructions
composed of operation blocks that transform
input signals
3. Sequential function charts series of steps and
transitions from one state to the next (Europe)
Text-based languages:
1. Instruction list - low-level computer language
2. Structured text high-level computer language
PLC Programming
Personal Computers Using Soft Logic