CRAFT APPRECIATION FOR ENGINEERS

(CAFE) PROTECTION AND CONTROL

POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION AND
CONTROL
OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this course, the participants

should be able to:

Familiarize with SEC Network

Familiarize and access SEC Standards and Manuals to

record proper records of backup equipment, electrical

drawings and documents and updating all as required.

Perform tasks related to generators and Excitation

Systems, Motors. Power Transformers, Transmission

and Distribution Substations (Equipment, Switching).

 Give directions to Linemen and Cable man and perform

related tasks.

Enforce safety procedures and precautions for Power

System Protection and Control including Power Dispatcher.

Familiarize with Telecommunications Equipment and its

Operation and Maintenance.

Familiarize with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

(SCADA) Equipment and its Operation and Maintenance.

Complete Power System (Generation, Transmission,
and Distribution)
Fig. 6.1-2 Typical Power Protection Scheme
TYPES OF FAULTS
The faults are classified as two main types:
Symmetrical faults
Unsymmetrical faults
Fig. 6.1-8 Transmission Line Faults
Fig. 6.1-9 Development of Protective
Relays
 1'

2'
TL'
T' X'
3' Y'
G'
2' 1'
1'
1

T 2
X 1

2
G 3
TL

Fig.6.1-11 Overlapping of Neighboring

Protective Zones
Fig. 6.1-12 Remote Backup Protection
Scheme
 Relay Backup Scheme

Fig. 6.1-16 Electromagnetic

Relays
 Fig. 6.1-18 Block Diagram of a
Simplified Microprocessor-Based
Protective Relay
Fig. 6.1-19 Typical Ground and Time Over-
Current Protection

Fig. 6.1-21 Balanced Beam Relay

Application
Fig. 6.1-22 Voltage, Current and
Impedance as seen by Distance
Relay

Fig. 6.1-24 CT and PT

Connections for Distance Relays
for Phase Faults
 Fig. 6.1-27 Block Diagram of one
Terminal Power Line Carrier

Fig. 6.1-29 Simple Differential

Fig. 6.1-28 Simple Differential
Operation (Internal Fault
Operation (Normal or External
Condition)
Fault Condition)
INSTRUMENT (CURRENT AND VOLTAGE)
TRANSFORMERS
Current Transformer
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS FOR PROTECTION

Fig. 6.1-35 Potential Transformer

supplying its load
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM