Interactions between

human and environment

 Definition
A System is made up of two or
more mutually interacting
components
 Ecosystem
mutually interacting
components, describable in
broad term as:
climate (atmosphere),
soil (lithosphere),
water(hydrosphere),and
organisms (biosphere)
Human social system
mutually interacting
components:
population,
technology,
social structure, and
ideology
 What are the 3 fundamental
functional aspects of all natural
systems?

What are the interactions within and

between social and ecosystems?
What do the system model show?
1. Plausible points of interconnection
between social system and ecosystem.
2. These linkages involve flows of
energy, material, and
information; within and between the
individual components.
3. These linkages are strategic targets
for interdisciplinary research to study
interactions of man and environment.
 Are the interactions
between man and
environment static or
dynamic?
How could interaction
between man and
environment be
classified?
 Influences of environment
on social development

Relationship between agricultural

production, settlement patterns,
socio-political system and religion
in Danube basin
 Theoretical framework of
social development

1. Environmental determinism
"Environment is the determinant
of cultural form"
 2. Environmental
possibilism
"Environment is the screen of
cultural traits and setting the
framework for cultural
development"
 Why do indigenous
people in the tropics
practice shifting
cultivation?
 Interrelationship
between the human and
environment
Evolution of relationships
between human and
environment

3 eras
 1. Human in nature
modern human (Homo sapiens sapiens)
evolve 40,000 years ago
about 30,000 years living as "hunter-
gatherers"
existed in many different ecosystems from
tropics to temperate
acted like other omnivorous species