STEPPING BACK IN TIM

STEPPING BACK IN TIME

WRITING TASK 1 P.
60-61

KEY GRAMMAR P. 60
 CLIFF EROSION
retreat = moving back or
withdrawing

= indentation or incision on an edge or surface

1. What does the diagram show?

2. How much can you explain 5 stages in the
 Can you remember how cliff
erosion is caused?

Initially, the cliff stood much

further out.
Gradually, the sea waves beat on it with
some force.
As a result of frequent wave hits, the cliff eroded
quickly and eventually collapsed.
This meant the rocks feel into the sea, and the cliff slowly
retreated.
At low tide, wave-cut platform
revealed.
 KEY FACTORS:
KEYThe sea
FACTORS:
beat/hit/move
The sea with
force
The cliff
The cliff
The -fossils
retreated
The fossils buried
then exposed
 YOUR ANSWERS

...
1. What does the diagram shows?
Write 1 sentence, using your own
words.
...............

...........................................................

2. ...
a. Key stages in the process

...............
............................................................
b. changes in the process how they
could be compared.
...

c. useful vocabulary for the description
...............
of the diagram.
............................................................

...

...............
............................................................
...
3. How many paragraphs are there?
What do you write in each of the
 Word hints Your sentences

Introducto Show/change/took place/result

ry of/coastal
sentence erosion/and/how/discoveries of
fossils
Movement High tide,/waves/reached half-
of sea way/cliff wall/beat on/with force.
waves
Changing Eventually/power/waves/wore
position of away/rocks. This meant/stones
the cliff and
boulders/fell/sea/and/cliff/retreat
ed/exposing/rock/low tide.
The As/waves/hit/lower
exposure part/frequently/this
of the area/eroded/and/hollow/where/f
fossils ossils/found.
Overview If/it/not/for the action/of/sea,
fossils/remained
buried/and/coastline/unchanged
.
Boulders rock fragment
 DURDLE DOOR, DORSET, ENGLAND

1. How do you think this natural

wonder is formed?
2. Would you like to visit this
place? Why (not)?
3. How did the arch get its name?
 Durdle Door is a natural limestone
arch on the Jurassic Coast in Dorset,
England.
It is privately owned by the Welds, a
family who owns 12,000 acres (50km2)
in Dorset.
It is open to the public.
 1. What is a headland?
2. What is an arch?
3. What is a stack?
4. What is a stump?

headland = cliff/ large rock that extends

into the sea.

arch = curved symmetrical structure.

stack = a column of rock standing in the

sea, remaining after erosion of cliffs.

stump = remnant of something that has

been cut or broken off or worn away.
What some other vocabulary
could you use to describe the
key stage?

headland cliff rock solid

wear away hollow/cave

high tide widen arch

erosion water beat against the

arch collapse stack isolated
rock

stump wear away create/form

Introductory sentence: The four
pictures illustrate ......

Picture 1 - 2:

What makes the headland/rock

erode?
What is formed by this process?
At high tide, what is caused by the
water?

Initially, the headland or a large rock is

.......... (an adjective, quality of the
rock), but over
time, .....................................................
........... At high tide, the water .........
and gradually .....................
Picture 2-4:

Why is Durdle Door in Dorset

mentioned?
What happens as the water
continually beats against the arch?
Over the time, how can the stack
become a stump?
When the headland retreats, what
might develop as a result?

Durdle Door in Dorset is an example

of .... As the water continually beats
against the arch, ..........................
Over the time, the
stack ........................... Meanwhile,
more ..... may
develop ....................................
What is an overview?

The diagram clearly shows

..........
The four pictures illustrate the changes that can take place in
the appearance of a headland as a result of coastal erosion.

A headland is a cliff or large rock that extends into the sea.

Initially, it is solid, but over time, the movement of the sea
water can wear away a weak part at the base of the rock, to form
a small hollow or cave. At high tide, the water may reach half-
away up the headland and gradually the motion of the waves
can widen the cave, turning it into an arch.

Durdle Door in Dorest is an example of this type of erosion. As

the water continually beats against the arch, it can weaken the
top part, which eventually collapse, leaving an isolated piece of
rock called a stack. Over time, the stack also wears away to
form a stump. Meanwhile, more caves may develop along the
base of the headland, and additional arches and stacks can be
created.

The diagram clearly shows how the continual process of

erosion, with the formation of caves, arches and stumps of rock,
contributes to the eventual withdrawal of a headland.
Imagine you were invisible, where would
you go?
If I were invisible, I would spy on my
girlfriend. Suppose you became the president of your
country.
What law would you make?

If I were the president I would make a law

to protect the environment.
What if a genie gave you three wishes?
What would you wish for?

I would wish for 1,000,000 dollars.

Say you had a time machine. Where would

you go?

I would go to see the dinosaurs.

When we introduce hypothetical situations, we often use the
following expressions:
If. . .
Suppose . . .
Say . . .
Imagine . . .
What if . . .