Verb Phrase 101030161445 Phpapp01

E_English Grammar Course
Unit 5
Lecture 5. Verb & its complements
Issues
1. Different classifications of English verbs
2. Grammatical categories of the verb
3. Intensive complementation
4. Monotransitive complementation
5. Ditransitive complementation
6. Complextransitive complementation
Click at the underlined to view the whole explanation
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1 Classifications of English verbs

classified Functions
Functions of
of items
items
Verb according to
= words or phrases
Complementation
Complementation
indicating an action,
an event, or a state
E.g.: kiss, break out, have Possibility
Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive
progressive aspect
aspect
Structure
Structure
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Functions of
of items
items
Verbs according to
Lexical
Lexical verbs
verbs Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs
verbs
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Functions of
of items
items
Verbs according to
Lexical
Lexical verbs
verbs Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs
verbs
Regular
Regular E.g.: book, booked, booked
Irregular
Irregular E.g.: teach, taught, taught
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Functions of
of items
items
Verbs according to
Lexical
Lexical verbs
verbs Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs
verbs
Primary
Primary
Modal
Modal
Marginal
Marginal
modal
modal auxiliary
auxiliary
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Functions of
of items
items
Verbs according to
Lexical
Lexical verbs
verbs Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs
verbs
include: do, have, be Primary

Primary
change meaning when becoming a
Modal
Modal
full verb
E.g.: I am a student. vs. I am reading.
Marginal
Marginal
modal
modal auxiliary
auxiliary
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Functions of
of items
items
Verbs according to
Lexical
Lexical verbs
verbs Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs
verbs
include: Primary
Primary
Can could
May Might
Shall-should Modal
Modal
Will-would
Must Marginal
Marginal
Ought to modal
modal auxiliary
auxiliary
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Functions of
of items
items
Verbs according to
Lexical
Lexical verbs
verbs Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs
verbs
Primary
Primary
Modal
Modal
include: used to, dare, Marginal

Marginal
modal
modal auxiliary
auxiliary
need
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classified Complementation
Complementation
Verbs according to
Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
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Complementation
Verbs according to
Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
connect S & C
have the pattern: Current
Current copular
copular E.g.: be, appear, feel, look,
remain, seem
SVC or SVA(obli)
E.g.: become, get, go,
E.g.: I feel tired. Resulting
Resulting copular
copular
grow, turn, make
Hes in the cab.
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Complementation
Verbs according to
Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
Intransitive
Intransitive
Transitive
Transitive
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Complementation
Verbs according to
Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
require no Object
have the pattern: SV
Intransitive
Intransitive
make complete
sense
Transitive
Transitive
themselves
E.g.: Hes singing.
The baby cried.
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Complementation
Verbs according to
Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
Mono-transitive
Mono-transitive Intransitive
Intransitive
Di-transitive
Di-transitive
Transitive
Transitive
Complex-transitive
Complex-transitive
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Complementation
Verbs according to
Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
Mono-transitive
Intransitive
require one direct Object
Di-transitive
Di-transitive
(Od) Transitive
Transitive
haveComplex-transitive
the pattern: SVOd
Complex-transitive
E.g.: I kissed her.
He caught the ball.
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Complementation
Verbs according to
Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
Mono-transitive
Intransitive
Di-transitive
Di-transitive
Transitive
Transitive
require both Complex-transitive

direct Object (Od) & indirect Object
Complex-transitive
(Oi)
have the pattern: SVOdOi
E.g.: I gave her such a lovely present.
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Complementation
Verbs according to
require Object and Object Complement

Intensive
Intensive verbs
verbs Extensive
Extensive verbs
verbs
(Co) or Obligatory Averbial (A(obli))
have the pattern:Mono-transitive
SVOCo or
Intransitive
SVOA(obli)
Di-transitive
Di-transitive
E.g.: He made me really crazy.
Transitive
Transitive
He sent his son to the kindergarten.
Complex-transitive
Complex-transitive
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classified Possibility
Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
Verbs according to progressive
progressive aspect
aspect
Stative
Stative verbs
verbs Dynamic
Dynamic verbs
verbs
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Stative
Stative verbs
verbs
= verbs that show the

Verbs
Verbs of
of inert
inert perception
perception &
& recognition
recognition
condition or status
and do not accept the
Relational
Relational verbs
verbs
progressive aspect
E.g.: I am a boy.
It feels thin.
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Stative
Stative verbs
verbs
Verbs
Verbs of
of inert
inert perception
perception &
& recognition
recognition
adore, astonish, believe, hate, hear,

Relational
impress, know, like, etc. verbs
Relational verbs
E.g.: I like you
He said he hated cooking.
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Stative
Stative verbs
verbs
apply to, equal, deserve, involve, lack, matter, need, owe, resemble,
Verbs
Verbs of
of inert
inert perception
perception &
& recognition
recognition
possess,
sound, tend, etc.
E.g.: She resembles her mother.
Relational
Relational verbs
verbs
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Dynamic
Dynamic verbs
verbs
= verbs that show the action or the
change of status
Verbs
Verbs of
of body
body sensation
sensation
E.g.: She learns English.
He hit me. Activity
Activity verbs
verbs
She is English. ( is isnt
dynamic verb because it denotes a Transitional
Transitional event
event verbs
verbs
permanent status)
Momentary
Momentary verbs
verbs
Process
Process verbs
verbs
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Dynamic
Dynamic verbs
verbs
Verbs
Verbs of
of body
body sensation
sensation
Activities verbs
Activities verbs
ache, hurt, itch, fell,
etc.Transitional
Transitional event
event verbs
verbs
Momentary
Momentary verbs
verbs
Process
Process verbs
verbs
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Dynamic
Dynamic verbs
verbs
Verbs
Verbs of
of body
body sensation
sensation
Activities
Activities verbs
verbs
ask, eat, help, learn, say, throw,

Transitional
Transitional eventwrite
event verbs
verbs
etc.
Momentary
Momentary verbs
verbs
Process
Process verbs
verbs
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Dynamic
Dynamic verbs
verbs
Verbs
Verbs of
of body
body sensation
sensation
Activities
Activities verbs
verbs
Transitional
Transitional event
event verbs
verbs
arrive, land,Momentary
leave, lose,
Momentary die
verbs
verbs
etc.
Process
Process verbs
verbs
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Dynamic
Dynamic verbs
verbs
Verbs
Verbs of
of body
body sensation
sensation
Activities
Activities verbs
verbs
hit, jump, kick, knock, nod, tap
Transitional
Transitional event
event verbs
verbs
etc.
Momentary
Momentary verbs
verbs
Process
Process verbs
verbs
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Possibility of
of admitting
admitting
progressive aspect
aspect
Dynamic
Dynamic verbs
verbs
Verbs
Verbs of
of body
body sensation
sensation
Activities
Activities verbs
verbs
Transitional
Transitional event
event verbs
verbs
change, deteriorate, grow, mature, slow down
Momentary
Momentary verbs
verbs
etc.
Process
Process verbs
verbs
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1Classifications of English verbs

classified Structure
Structure
Verbs according to
One-word
One-word verbs
verbs Multi-word
Multi-word verbs
verbs
Finite
Finite + Non-finite
Non-finite
infinitive
infinitive
ing-participle
ing-participle
ed-participle
ed-participle
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Structure
Verbs according to
One-word
One-word verbs
verbs
as the name suggests, these are verbs of ONE

WORD
E.g.: change, kiss, make, love, etc.
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Structure
Verbs according to
Multi-word
Multi-word verbs
verbs
Phrasal
Phrasal verbs
verbs
Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
Phrasal-prepositional
Phrasal-prepositional verbs
verbs
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Structure
Verbs according to
Multi-word
Multi-word verbs
verbs
Phrasal
Phrasal verbs
verbs
make out, call up, put on, take off, Prepositional

give up, etc.verbs
Prepositional verbs
verbs
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Structure
Verbs according to
Multi-word
Multi-word verbs
verbs
Phrasal
Phrasal verbs
verbs
Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
look up, clear up, get at, etc. verbs

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Structure
Verbs according to
Multi-word
Multi-word verbs
verbs
Phrasal
Phrasal verbs
verbs
come up with, make up for, stand in for,Prepositional

put up with,verbs
Prepositional verbs
etc.
verbs
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Structure
Verbs according to
One-word
One-word verbs
verbs Multi-word
Multi-word verbs
verbs
Finite
Finite + Non-finite
Non-finite
Criteria Finite Non-finite E.g.: I am/ He is
Occurrence in independent clause a student.

Being a
Tense contrast
student, shes

Person and number concord hardworking.

Finite verb inclusion
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2 Grammatical categories of verbs

Grammatical
Grammatical categories of verbs
verbs
Tense
Tense Aspect
Aspect Mood
Mood Voice
Voice
Progressive
Progressive
Present
Present Indicative
Indicative Active
Active
Perfective
Perfective
Past
Past Imperative
Imperative Passive
Passive
Perfective-
Perfective-
progressive
progressive
Subjunctive
Subjunctive
Simple
Simple
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Tense
Tense = the correspondence between the form of the verb and
our concept of time
language specific
while TIME: universal, non-linguistic
includes PAST and PRESENT
no FUTURE TENSE because theres no verb form
corresponding to future time.
E.g.: She is studying now.
(verb form: ing-participle + present time: now
present time)
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Aspect
Aspect the manner in which a verbal action is experienced or regarded
with respect to time
progressive aspect: verbal action experienced as in progress
perfective aspect: verbal action experienced as completed
E.g.: I am writing with a special pen. (progressive aspect)
I have written with a special pen. (perfective aspect)
Tense & aspect are intermingled.
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Tense
Tense & Aspect
Aspect
Tense Simple Complex

Progressive Perfective Perfect progressive
Aspect
Present Present Present Present Present perfect

simple progressive perfect progressive
Past Past Past progressive Past perfect Past perfect

simple progressive
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Mood = a grammatical category that relates the verb action to such

Mood
conditions such as certainty, obligation, necessity, possibility
Indicative
Indicative = statement of the fact E.g.: Shes nice to me.
(fact - indicative)
Imperative = command, request Be nice to me.
Imperative
(command - imperative)
Subjunctive = non-fact, unreal I suggest she be nice to me.

Subjunctive
(non-fact - subjunctive)
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Subjunctive
Subjunctive mood
mood
Mandative
Mandative
Formulaic
Formulaic
Subjunctive
Subjunctive
were
were
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Subjunctive
Subjunctive mood
mood
Mandative
Mandative Found in -that clause (verbs: recommend,
demand,
request, insist, suggest, ask, it is necessary that)
Form: the base
Formulaic
Formulaic
Aim: to be formal
E.g.: The chairman demands that the farmer kill all his
Subjunctive
Subjunctive
chicken.
were
were It is necessary that every student pay the tuition
fee.
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Subjunctive
Subjunctive mood
mood
Mandative
Mandative Found in clause in certain set expressions
Form: the base
E.g.: May god bless you.
Formulaic
Long live the King.
Formulaic
God save the Queen.
Come what may, well go ahead.
Subjunctive
Subjunctive
were
were
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Subjunctive
Subjunctive mood
mood
Mandative
Mandative
Found in conditional & concessive clauses,

Formulaic
Formulaic subordinate clauses after verbs like Wish and Suppose
Form: WERE
Meaning: hypothetical/unreal
Subjunctive
Subjunctive
E.g.: If I were rich, I would buy you anything you wanted.
were
were Just suppose everyone were to give up smoking.
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Voice
Voice = a grammatical category that makes it possible to view
the action of a sentence in either of two ways, without

change in the facts reported
include: passive and active voice
E.g.: He ate all the apples. (active)
The dog was bitten by our neighbor. (passive)
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3 Intensive complementation
Intensive
Intensive verb
verb complementation
complementation
(SVC
(SVC -- SVA)
SVA)
C
C (complement)
(complement) A
A (adverbial)
(adverbial)
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Intensive
Intensive verb
complementation
(SVC
(SVC -- SVA)
SVA)
C
C (complement)
(complement) A
A (adverbial)
(adverbial)
Adjective phrase
phrase
Noun phrase
phrase
Nominal
Nominal phrase
phrase
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Intensive
Intensive verb
complementation
(SVC
(SVC -- SVA)
SVA)
C
C (complement)
(complement) A
A (adverbial)
(adverbial)
Adjective phrase
phrase E.g.: She is so crazy.
That is ridiculous!
Noun phrase
phrase
Nominal
Nominal phrase
phrase
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Intensive
Intensive verb
complementation
(SVC
(SVC -- SVA)
SVA)
C
C (complement)
(complement) A
A (adverbial)
(adverbial)
Adjective phrase
phrase
E.g.: She isnt a good student.

Noun phrase
phrase
It appears the only solution.
Nominal
Nominal phrase
phrase
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Intensive
Intensive verb
complementation
(SVC
(SVC -- SVA)
SVA)
C
C (complement)
(complement) A
A (adverbial)
(adverbial)
Adjective phrase
phrase
Noun phrase
phrase
finite
finite clause
clause
Nominal
Nominal clause
clause
non-finite
non-finite clause
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Intensive
Intensive verb
complementation
(SVC
(SVC -- SVA)
SVA)
that clause
E.g.: The problem is that it costs a lot.
C
C (complement)
(complement) A
A (adverbial)
(adverbial)
wh-interrogative clause
Adjective phrase E.g.: The problem is not who will go.
phrase
nominal relative clause
E.g.: Quality is what counts most.
Noun phrase
phrase
finite
finite clause
clause
Nominal
Nominal clause
clause
non-finite
non-finite clause
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Intensive
Intensive verb
complementation
(SVC
(SVC -- SVA)
SVA)
bare-infinitive clause
C
C (complement)
(complement) A
A (adverbial)
(adverbial)
E.g.: All I did was hit him on the head.
Adjective phrase
phrase to-infinitive clause with(out) Subject (S)
E.g.: My wish is to be a pilot. (without S)

Noun phrase
phrase The idea is for us to meet at 8. (with S)
finite
finite clause
clause
Nominal
Nominal phrase
phrase -ing clause
E.g.:non-finite
Seeing is believing.
non-finite clause
clause
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4 Mono-transitive complementation
Mono-transitive verb complementation
(SVO)
(SVO)
Noun
Noun phrase
phrase Finite
Finite clause
clause Non-finite
Non-finite clause
clause
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Mono-transitive
Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase
Direct
Direct object
object (O)
(O) Prepositional
Prepositional O
O
With
With passive
passive
one-word
one-word verbs
verbs Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
phrasal
phrasal verbs
verbs
Without
Without passive
passive Phrasal
Phrasal prepositional
prepositional verbs
verbs
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Mono-transitive
Direct
Direct object
object (O)
(O) Prepositional
Prepositional O
O
With
With passive
passive
one-word
one-word verbs
verbs Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
phrasalE.g.:
phrasal verbsTom caught the ball.
verbs
The ball was caught by Tom.
Without
Without passive
passive Phrasal
prepositional verbs
verbs
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Mono-transitive
Mono-transitive verb
complementation by aa Noun
Noun phrase
phrase
Direct
Direct object
object (O)
(O) Prepositional
Prepositional O
O
With
With passive
passive
one-word
one-word verbs
verbs Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
phrasal
phrasal verbs
verbs
E.g.: They passed over the question.

Without passive The question was passed over.Phrasal
Without passive Phrasal prepositional
prepositional verbs
verbs
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Mono-transitive
Direct
Direct object
object (O)
(O) Prepositional
Prepositional O
O
With
With passive
passive
one-word
one-word verbs
verbs Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
E.g.: She has a nice house.
phrasal
phrasal verbs
verbs
A house is had by her.
Without
Without passive
passive Phrasal
prepositional verbs
verbs
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Mono-transitive
complementation by aa Noun
Noun phrase
phrase
Direct
Direct object
object (O)
(O) Prepositional
Prepositional O
O
With
With passive
passive
one-word
one-word verbs
verbs Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
E.g.:
phrasal
phrasal The management paid for his
verbs
verbs
air fares.
Without
Without passive
passive Phrasal
prepositional verbs
verbs
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Direct
Direct object
object (O)
(O) Prepositional
Prepositional O
O
With
With passive
passive
one-word
one-word verbs
verbs Prepositional
Prepositional verbs
verbs
phrasal
phrasal verbs
verbs
E.g.: He looked down on them.
Without
Without passive
passive Phrasal
prepositional verbs
verbs
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Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause
That-
That- clause
clause Wh-
Wh- clause
clause
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That-
That- clause
clause Wh-
Wh- clause
clause
Extraposed
Extraposed subject
subject
E.g.: I dont care what you are saying.
that-clause
that-clause
Tom doubted whether they would come to the party.
Extraposed
Extraposed object
object
I wondered who did make the bed for me.
that-clause
that-clause Can you confirm which flight we are taking?
I realized what a fool I had been.
That-
That- clause
clause I know how busy you are.
as
as object
object
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That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object
Super-ordinate
Super-ordinate verbs
verbs
Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
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Major
Major Factual
Factual
That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object
Suasive
Suasive
Super-ordinate
verbs
Emotive
Emotive
Minor
Minor Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
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Major
Major Factual
Factual
That-
That- clause
clause
introduce what one might generally describe
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object
as factual or propositional
Suasive information
Suasive
Super-ordinate
verbs E.g.: They agree/admit/claim that she was
misled. Emotive
Emotive
Minor
Minor Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
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Major
Major Factual
Factual
That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object
Suasive
Suasive
Super-ordinate
verbs
imply intentions Emotive
to bring about some change
Emotive
in the future, whether or not these are
Minor
verbally
Minor Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Subordinate
formulated as commands, suggestions, etc
Subordinate verbs
verbs
E.g.: The are demanding that she leaves.
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Major
Major Factual
Factual
That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object
E.g.: I regret that she worry.
Suasive
Suasive
Super-ordinate
verbs
Emotive
Emotive
Minor
Minor Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
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Major
Major Factual
Factual
That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object
Suasive
Suasive
Super-ordinate
verbs
E.g.: I wish that he were here.
Emotive
Emotive
Minor
Minor Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
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That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object Indicative
Indicative verbs
verbs
Super-ordinate
verbs
Putative
Putative should
should
Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
Subjunctive
Subjunctive verbs
verbs
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That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object Indicative
Indicative verbs
verbs
Super-ordinate
verbs
E.g.: I recommend that he be here.
Putative
Putative should
should
Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
Subjunctive
Subjunctive verbs
verbs
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That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object Indicative
Indicative verbs
verbs
Super-ordinate
verbs
Putative
Putative should
should
E.g.: I insist that he shouldnt smoke.

Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
Subjunctive
Subjunctive verbs
verbs
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That-
That- clause
clause
That-
That- clause
clause as
as object
object Indicative
Indicative verbs
verbs
Super-ordinate
verbs
Putative
Putative should
should
E.g.: I require that he give up smoking.

Subordinate
Subordinate verbs
verbs
Subjunctive
Subjunctive verbs
verbs
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Mono-transitive
complementation by
by aa Non-finite
Non-finite clause
clause
With
With subject
subject Without
Without subject
subject Wh-infinitive
Wh-infinitive clause
clause
To-infinitive
To-infinitive clause
clause To-infinitive
clause
Ing-participle
Ing-participle clause
clause Ing-participle
clause
1/1
Mono-transitive
complementation by
by aa Non-finite
Non-finite clause
clause
With
With subject
subject Without
Without subject
clause
To-infinitive
clause
E.g.: Iclause
Ing-participle
Ing-participle dont like the house
clause to be left
Ing-participle
Ing-participle empty.
clause
clause
1/1
Mono-transitive
complementation by
by aa Non-finite
Non-finite clause
clause
With
With subject
subject Without
Without subject
clause
To-infinitive
E.g.: I dislike To-infinitive
him driving my
clause car.
clause
Ing-participle
clause
1/1
Mono-transitive
complementation by
by aa Non-finite
Non-finite clause
clause
With
With subject
subject Without
Without subject
clause
To-infinitive
clause
Ing-participle
E.g.: Maryclause
Ing-participle longed to leaveIng-participle
clause home.
clause
1/1
Mono-transitive
complementation by
by aa Non-finite
Non-finite clause
clause
With
With subject
subject Without
Without subject
clause
E.g.:
To-infinitive
To-infinitive Mary loves listening
clause
clause to music.
To-infinitive
clause
Ing-participle
clause
1/1
Mono-transitive
complementation by
by aa Non-finite
Non-finite clause
clause
With
With subject
subject Without
Without subject
clause
E.g.: He learned how to sail a boat as a small child.

To-infinitive
clause
You must not forget when to keep your mouth shut.
Ing-participle
clause I couldIng-participle
not decide clause
Ing-participle (on)
clausewhich bicycle to buy.
1/1
5 Di-transitive complementation
Di-transitive
Di-transitive verb complementation (SVOO)
Od
Od &
& Oi
Oi == NP
NP
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == non-finite
non-finite clause
clause
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == finite
finite clause
clause
Idiomatic
Idiomatic expressions:
expressions: V
V ++ NP
NP ++ Prep
Prep
Di-transitive
Di-transitive prepositional
prepositional verbs
verbs
1/1
Di-transitive
Od
Od &
& Oi
Oi == NP
NP
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od E.g.: Heclause
Od == non-finite
non-finite gave the girl a doll.
clause
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == finite
finite clause
clause
Idiomatic
expressions: V
V ++ NP
NP ++ Prep
Prep
Di-transitive
prepositional verbs
verbs
1/1
Di-transitive
Od
Od &
& Oi
Oi == NP
NP
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == non-finite
non-finite clause
clause
E.g.: He persuaded me to give up smoking.

Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == finite
finite clause
clause
Idiomatic
expressions: V
V ++ NP
NP ++ Prep
Prep
Di-transitive
prepositional verbs
verbs
1/1
Di-transitive
Od
Od &
& Oi
Oi == NP
NP
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == non-finite
non-finite clause
clause
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == finite
finite clause
clause
E.g.: He convinced me that he was right.

Idiomatic
expressions: V
V ++ NP
NP ++ Prep
Prep
Di-transitive
prepositional verbs
verbs
1/1
Di-transitive
verbs combined with certain NPs followed by

Od
Od && Oi
Oi == NP
NP
prepositions
two passive forms of the sentence
Oi
==these
Oi NP,
NP, Od
Od == non-finite clause
non-finiteinclude:
expressions clause catch sight of, make fun of, take
account of, give way to, etc.
E.g.:NP,
Oi They make best use of the garage.
Oi == NP, Od
Od == finite
finite clause
clause
The garage is made best use of.
Best use is made of the garage.
Idiomatic
expressions: V
V ++ NP
NP ++ Prep
Prep
Di-transitive
prepositional verbs
verbs
1/1
Di-transitive
Od introduced by a preposition
oneOd Od &
& Oi
Oi =form
passive = NP
NP with Oi only
these verbs include: remind of, charge with, compare
Oi ==to,
Oi NP,
NP, Od
Od == non-finite
non-finite clause
clause
rob of, refer to, etc.
E.g.: He reminds me of the agreement.
Oi
Oi == NP,
NP, Od
Od == finite
finite clause
clause
I am reminded of the agreement.
Exceptions for: explain, provide, supply, blame, etc.
E.g.:expressions:
Idiomatic
Idiomatic He explained
expressions: V ++ it
V NP
NPto++me.
Prep
Prep
It was explained to me.
I was explained about it.
Di-transitive
prepositional verbs
verbs
1/1
6 Complex-transitive complementation
Complex-transitive
Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOA - SVOC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal
Nominal Co
Co
Adverbials
Adverbials
To-infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Ing-clause
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
Ed-clause
1/1
Complex-transitive
Complex-transitive verb
complementation (SVOdA -- SVOdC)
SVOdC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal Co
NominalE.g.:
Co He drives me crazy.
Adverbials
Adverbials
To-infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Ing-clause
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
Ed-clause
1/1
Complex-transitive
SVOdC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal
Nominal Co
Co
Adverbials
Adverbials
E.g.: The Queen appointed William her personal secretary.
To-infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Ing-clause
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
Ed-clause
1/1
Complex-transitive
SVOdC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal
Nominal Co
Co
Adverbials
Adverbials
To-infinitive
Adverbials
To-infinitiveare obligatory.
E.g.: Take your hands out of your pocket.

Bare-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Ing-clause
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
Ed-clause
1/1
Complex-transitive
SVOdC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal
Nominal Co
Co
Adverbials
Adverbials
To-infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
E.g.: John believed the stranger to be a policeman.
Bare-infinitive
Ing-clause
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
Ed-clause
1/1
Complex-transitive
SVOdC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal
Nominal Co
Co
Adverbials
Adverbials
To-infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Ing-clause
E.g.: You shouldn't let your family interfere with our plans.
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
Ed-clause
1/1
Complex-transitive
SVOdC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal
Nominal Co
Co
Adverbials
Adverbials
To-infinitive
To-infinitive
E.g.: Tim watched Bill mending the lamp.
Bare-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Ing-clause
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
Ed-clause
1/1
Complex-transitive
SVOdC)
Adjectival
Adjectival Object
Object Complement
Complement (Co)
(Co)
Nominal
Nominal Co
Co
Adverbials
Adverbials
To-infinitive
To-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
Bare-infinitive
E.g.: They found him worn out by travel and exertion.
Ing-clause
Ing-clause
Ed-clause
ed-clause
Ed-clause
ed-clause
Thats the end of unit 5.

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E_English Grammar Course

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

include: do, have, be Primary

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

include: used to, dare, Marginal

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

require both Complex-transitive

1 Classifications of English verbs

require Object and Object Complement

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

= verbs that show the

1 Classifications of English verbs

adore, astonish, believe, hate, hear,

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

ask, eat, help, learn, say, throw,

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

1Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

as the name suggests, these are verbs of ONE

1 Classifications of English verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

make out, call up, put on, take off, Prepositional

1 Classifications of English verbs

look up, clear up, get at, etc. verbs

1 Classifications of English verbs

come up with, make up for, stand in for,Prepositional

1 Classifications of English verbs

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

Tense Simple Complex

Present Present Present Present Present perfect

Past Past Past progressive Past perfect Past perfect

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

Mood = a grammatical category that relates the verb action to such

Subjunctive = non-fact, unreal I suggest she be nice to me.

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

Found in conditional & concessive clauses,

2 Grammatical categories of verbs

the action of a sentence in either of two ways, without

E.g.: She isnt a good student.

E.g.: My wish is to be a pilot. (without S)