BASIC IMPLANT

SCIENCES
PPDS BEDAH MULUT & MAKSILOFASIAL
UNAIR
ANGKATAN XX
DENTAL IMPLANTS
Implant material should have suitable
mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and
structural biostability in physiologic
environments.
DENTAL IMPLANTS
The development of biomaterials sciences
has resulted in classification schemes for
implantable materials according to chemical
composition and biologic response.
BIOMATERIAL
Biomaterial
Synthetic
substance
Replacement or augmentation of biological tissue
Compatibility of surgical biomaterial
Dependent on the basic bulk & surface properties
of the biomaterial
Basic manufacturing aspect (finishing, packaging,
and delivering, sterilizing and placing (surgical
placement)) clean and non traumatizing
condition
BIOCOMPATIBILITY IS VERY
IMPORTANT WHY?
Extend from the oral muccosa (protective
epithelial) onto or into the underlying bone
Associated with osteo-integration of
endosteal root form implant system.
Transfer force from occlusal surfaces to
supporting soft and hard tissues
ROLE OF SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
It is important to separate the roles of
macroscopic implant shape from the
microscopic transfer of stress and strain
along biomaterialtissue interfaces.
The macroscopic distribution of mechanical
stress and strain is predominantly controlled
by the shape and form of the implant device.
ROLE OF SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
One important material property related to
design (shape and form) optimization is the
elastic strain (one component of the elastic
modulus) of the material.
The localized microscopic strain distribution
is controlled more by the basic properties of
the biomaterial (e.g., surface chemistry,
microtopography, modulus of elasticity) and
by whether the biomaterial surface is
attached to the adjacent tissues.
BIOMATERIAL FOR DENTAL
IMPLANT
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMIC
Calcium phosphate ceramics (Calcium
phosphate (CaPO4) materials) used in dental
reconstructive surgery include a wide range
of implant types and thereby a wide range of
clinical applications
ADVANTAGES
Chemistry mimics normal biological tissue (C,
P, O, H)
Excellent biocompatibility
Attachment between calcium phosphate
ceramics and hard and soft tissues
Minimal thermal and electrical conductivity
Moduli of elasticity closer to bone than many
other implantable materials
Color similar to hard tissues
Extensive research
DISVANTAGES
Variable chemical and structural
characteristics (technology and chemistry
related)
Low mechanical tensile and shear strengths
under fatigue loading
Low attachment between coating and
substrate
Variable solubility
Variable mechanical stability of coatings
under load-bearing conditions
Overuse
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMIC
COATING
Implants of solid sintered Hydroxyapatite
have been shown to be susceptible to fatigue
failure can be altered by the use of a CPC
coating along metallic substrates.
One of the concerns regarding CPC coatings
is the strength of the bond between the CPC
and the metallic substrate.
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMIC
COATING
Investigative ion beamsputtering coating
techniques for CPC or CPC-like nonresorbable
coatings to varied substrates appear to
produce dense, more tenacious, and thinner
coatings (a few micrometers), which would
minimize the problem of poor shear strength
and fatigue at the coating substrate
interface.
HA COATING
Hydroxyapatite coating by plasma spraying
HA coating has been credited with enabling
HA-coated titanium or titanium alloy
implants to obtain improved boneimplant
attachment compared with machined
surfaces
TI - UNITE
The major groups of implantable materials
for dentistry are titanium
The alloy of titanium most often used is
titanium aluminumvanadium
Titanium shows a relatively low modulus of
elasticity and tensile strength compared with
most other alloys
The modulus of elasticity of titanium is five
times greater than that of compact bone
TI - UNITE
High-strength ceramics from aluminum,
titanium, and zirconium oxides have been
used for root form, endosteal plate form,
and pin type of dental implants
SLA (SANDBLASTED LARGE GRIT
ACID ETCHED)
SLA surfaces increase osteoblast attachment,
differentiation, and biomineralization, in
comparison with smoother topographies,
which promote adhesion formation,
spreading, and proliferation
BONE-HEALING PROCESS
The remodelling process begins from
quiescent stage at the bone surface with
osteoclasts
The osteoblasts that are derived from
mesenchymal stem cells found in the bone
marrow, periosteum and soft tissues deposit
osteoid and minerals forming new bone.
FACTOR AFFECTING BONE REGENERATION
IN DENTAL IMPLANTOLOGY
Age, gender, alcohol and drug abuse, and smoking
habits affect host defence. Underlying medical
conditions such as diabetes, osteoporosis,
cytostatic treatment, radiotherapy, immune
defence deficiency, psychological disorders, and
bruxism can also lead to early implant failures
Biocompatibility and biomechanics of the implant
surface can influence proliferation,
differentiation and extracellular matrix synthesis
The surgical technique and the loading conditions
influence the stability of the implants and the
process of osseointegration.
THE STAGES OF WOUND
HEALING
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
Tensile
tegangan maksimum yang bisa ditahan oleh sebuah bahan
ketika diregangkan atau ditarik, sebelum bahan tersebut
patah.
Compressive

kemampuan material itu untuk mempertahan keutuhannya di

bawah tekanan
Shear

Resistensi terhadap kekuatan-kekuatan yang menyebabkan

atau cenderung menyebabkan benda bergeser.

most materials, compressive strengths of implant materials are

usually greater than their shear and tensile counterparts
SURFACE ENERGY
High surface energy implants showed a
threefold increase in fibroblast adhesion, and
higher energy surfaces such as metals,
alloys, and ceramics are best suited to
achieve cell adhesion.
Surface tension values of 40 dyne/cm and
higher are characteristic of very clean
surfaces and excellent biological integration
conditions
SURFACE CLEANLINESS
A clean surface is an atomically clean surface
with no other elements than the biomaterial
constituents.
Contaminants can be particulates,
continuous films (e.g., oil, fingerprints), and
atomic impurities or molecular layers
(inevitable) caused by the thermodynamic
instability of surfaces.
STERILIZATION
steam sterilization can cause deposits of
organic substances resulting in poor tissue
adhesion
ultraviolet (UV) light sterilization may
become a good alternative
UV-sterilized implants showed rapid bone
ingrowth and maturation
THANK YOU