Feel the Machine

SPIM
Single Phase
Induction Motor
 Theory
1.Single phase induction motor is anAC
motorwere electrical energy is converted to
mechanical energy to perform some physical
task.
2.This induction motor requires only one
power phase for their proper operation.
3.They are commonly used in low power
applications, in domestic and industrial use.
4. Simple construction, cheap cost, better
reliability, eases to repair and better
maintenance are some of its markable
advantages.
 The basic principle of operation is
induction and hence the name
Induction Motor.
Construction of SPIM
The main components of the Single
Phaseinduction motor are stator and
rotor.
Statoris known to be the stationary
part. Usually, the single phase
alternating supply is given to the
stator winding.
Rotor is the rotating part
of the motor. Rotor is
connected to the
mechanical load with the
help of a shaft. Asquirrel
cage rotoris used here.
It has a laminated iron
core with many slots.
Rotor slots are closed or
semi-closed type.
The rotor windings are symmetrical
and at the same type it is short
circuited.
An air gap is there between the rotor
and the stator. The most practical
applications of this motor are in
refrigerators, clocks, drills, pumps,
washing machines etc.
The stator winding in the
1induction motor has two parts:
1.Main Winding and 2.Auxiliary
Winding.
Usually, the Auxiliary
winding is perpendicular
to the main winding. In
1induction motor the
winding with more turns
is known as main winding.
While the other wire is
called as auxiliary winding.
Principle of Operation
Single phase AC supply is given to
the stator winding. Due to this
amagnetic fieldis produced
which pulsates in sinusoidal
manner.
Principle of Operation
After sometime the field polarity
reverses and the alternating flux
cannot provide the required
rotation to the motor.
Principle of Operation
But if the motor is moved by
external means, the motor will
rotate with finite speed. Using the
double field revolving theory, the
behaviour of this motor can be
explained as given below.
Double Field Revolving Theory:
Q. Why the Single Phaseinduction
motor is not self-starting?
Explanation: As shown in Figure, let
mbe the pulsating field in the
motor which has two components
with a magnitude of m/2. Both
rotate at the speed rad/sec and
in opposite direction.
Double Field Revolving Theory:
Double Field Revolving Theory:
Double Field Revolving Theory:
Q.Why the Single Phaseinduction
motor is not self-starting?
Let mbe the pulsating field in the
motor which has two components
with a magnitude of m/2. Both
rotate at the speed rad/sec and
in opposite direction. This is shown
in the figure below.Alternating flux
produced by the stator is
Double Field Revolving Theory:
Double Field Revolving Theory:
Each of the fluxes is equal to half
the maximum value of alternating
flux and they rotate at synchronous
speed in opposite directions. The
flux 1will result in the torque
T1in the anticlockwise direction and
flux 2will produce a torque T2in
the clockwise direction.
Double Field Revolving Theory:
When the rotor is in rest condition,
torques T1and T2are equal and
opposite and the net torque
developed will be zero. Therefore,
the single phase induction motor is
not self starting. This fact is
illustrated in the figure.
Double Field Revolving Theory:
Principle of Operation
But if the motor is moved by
external means, the motor will
rotate with finite speed. Using the
double field revolving theory, the
behaviour of this motor can be
explained as given below.
Types of Single PhaseInduction
Motor
Many methods are there to start
the single phaseinduction motor.
Based upon it, there are 5 different
types.
Equivalent circuit diagram of
single phase induction motor
 Equivalent circuit diagram of
single phase induction motor
The rotor voltage is dividing in two parts one in forward (vf)
and another in backward direction (vb) respectively.

Under standstill conditions, vf = vb but under running conditions, vf is

almost 90 to 95% of the applied voltage

The forward torque when the motor slips is

Tf = If 2 Rr /2s
and,
backward torque is
Tb = Ib 2 Rr /2(2-s)
The total torque is given by following expression

T = Tf - Tb
Types of SPIM
Split Phase Induction Motor
Also known as resistance start
motor. The main winding and the
auxiliary winding are displaced by 90
degree.Centrifugal switch is used
here.
Types of SPIM
Split Phase Induction Motor
Types of SPIM
Capacitor Start Motor
Here the auxiliary winding has more
turns. Anelectrolytic capacitoris
placed in serially with the auxiliary
winding. A centrifugal switch is also
connected and the two windings are
placed 90 degree.
Types of SPIM
Capacitor Start Motor
Types of SPIM
Capacitor Start Motor
Some of its characteristics arecost
is high, power rating from 120 W 7
kW etc. Capacitor start motor are
commonly used in those applications
were high starting torque is
required.
Types of SPIM
Capacitor-start and capacitorrun
Cage rotor and the stator windings
are the two main parts of the motor.
The stator windings are placed 90
degree. This uses two capacitorsin
parallel. Here also a centrifugal
switch is used.
Types of SPIM
Capacitor-start and capacitorrun

Types of SPIM
Capacitor-start and capacitorrun
Starting large loads, simple
operation, better efficiency are
some of its characteristics.
Domestic and industrial applications
make use of this motor effectively.
Types of Single PhaseInduction
Motor
Shaded pole motor
Cage rotor and stator are the main
parts of this motor. Here the stator
consists of salient poles with an
exciting coil. Each pole is wrapped
by a shading coil. The poles are
called as shaded pole.
Types of Single PhaseInduction
Motor
Shaded pole motor
Simple construction, no centrifugal
switch, power rating of about 30W
are some of its characteristics. Low
power applications make use of this
motor widely.
Types of Single PhaseInduction
Motor Shaded pole type
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End Semester Examination