The challenges of

Urbanization
Group Members:
Syed Raihan Monjur
Malku Martin Sangma
Samsunnahar shathi
Md. Abdus Sobhan
Introduction
 Urbanization in the
world

The 12th century witnessed the rapid

urbanization of the worlds population.
The more densities decline, the more
city areas grow faster than city
populations
The majority of future urban
population growth will cause in small-
to medium-sized urban areas in
developing countries
Urbanization in the world

The expected increase in urban land

cover during the first three decades
of the 21st century will be greater
than the cumulative urban expansion
in all of human history
Urban Population Percentage
in the world
year %
1960 Around 33
1980 39
2000 46
2010 51
2015 53
2017 54
Urbanization in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the most over populated

countries in the world
due to migration to urban areas causes rapid
growth in population in the city like Dhaka.
in 2017, so far around 58,746,319 people have
been living in urban areas in Bangladesh which
is 35.6% of total population. That is huge.
With a population of around 14 million , Dhaka
is the largest city in Bangladesh. It is the 11 th
largest city in the world.
 Challenges of Urbanization

Increasing level of pollution

Deforestation
Sound pollution
Lack of standard solid waste
management
Water pollution.
 Challenges of Urbanization
Population Explosion

Steady growth in population in urban area

Extreme pressure on city for livable place
Becomes unmanageable to the authority
Causing the necessity of housing in slams
 Challenges of Urbanization

High cost of living

living in cities no longer cheap

Paying additional price
Making price rise
Demand exceeds supply
 Challenges of Urbanization

Economic disparity

Unequal opportunities
Affluence vs. acute poverty
Rich gets richer & poor gets poorer
Extreme pressure on employment.
 Challenges of Urbanization

Increase in crime rate

Urbanization and Policies in
Bangladesh

National Housing Policy 1993 and

2001:
The goal of the NHP is to ensure housing
for all strata of society, especially the
poor by reducing the necessity of
housing in slums and improving the
existing ones
The objective is to create affordability,
specially, for the middle and low income
groups
National Urban Sector Policy
Developed by Ministry of Local Government, Rural
Development and Cooperatives Local Government
Division in 2011
ensure optimum utilization of land resources and meet
increased demand for housing and urban services
through public- private and other partnerships
protect, preserve and enhance the historical and
cultural heritage of cities and enhance their aesthetic
beauty;
involve all sectors of the community, including women
and the poor, in participatory decision-making and
implementation processes
National Land use Policy, 2001
Land use is an important natural
resource and the provider of foods,
industrial goods, settlement and
other services
This policy highlighted the need for
land use zoning for each urban and
rural area to ensure proper utilization
of land
National Environment Policy and
Implementation Plan, 1992
The major objectives are:
Maintain the ecological balance through
preservation of environment and
development,
To save the country from natural disasters,
Identify and control the all types of pollution
and environmental degradation activities,
Ensure environment friendly development.
National Forest Policy, 1994
to afforest about 20% of the total area of the
country by initiating various forestation
programs in forest lands, fallow lands, lands not
useful for agriculture, hinter lands and other
possible areas
to enrich biodiversity in the existing degraded
forests by conserving the remaining natural
habitats of birds and animals
to encourage effective use and utilization of
forest products at various stages of processing
Road Master Plan (RMP: 2010-24)
4-lane roads: Dhaka-Chittagong, Dhaka-Mymensingh (to
Mawa), Dhaka-Bhariab, Bhairab- Moulvibazar,Habiganj-
Sylhet, Dhaka-Tangail, Dhaka-Baniajuri, Jessore-
Benapole, Chakaria-Chittagong, Baneshwar-Belephur.
Other important roads and bridges: Mynamati-
Brahmanbaria, Sylhet-Sunamganj, Bhatiapara-Narail-
JessoreRoad (upgrading), Dhaka Eastern Bypass, Dhaka
Western Bypass, Chittagong Bypass, Hatazari LinkRoad,
2nd Meghna Bridge, 2nd MeghnaGumati Bridge; and the
Padma Bridge.
In addition, 13 other new roads, bridges (Padma 2) and
upgrading to 4-lane roads have been identified.
Major Strategies undertaken for Urban
Development:
NGOs Involvement in housing will be facilitated for
poor people.
Economic incentives and disincentives will also be
used to encourage land development
Urban poverty reduction strategy will be
implemented through emphasizing urban policies.
Development of sustainable urban transport
system through increasing the number of large-size
buses, introducing Rapid Bus Transit, Elevated
expressways and rail-based mass transit systems
Sixth-five Year Plan (SFYP)
Income and Poverty
Human Resource Development
Water and Sanitation
Energy and Infrastructure
Gender Equality and Empowerment
Environment Sustainability
Dhaka Metropolitan Building Construction
Rules 2008
Dhaka Metropolitan Building Construction Rules
2008 is developed by Bangladesh University of
Engineering and Technology (BUET)
this policy are the mandatory involvement of
architects/ engineers in building construction,
discouraging on-residential functions in residential
areas (through occupancy certificates), and narrow
roads should remain or become at least 20 feet
wide
Private Housing Project Land
Development Rule 2004
Developed by Ministry of Housing and
Public Works.
The plans are subject to the permission
of the authorities in charge of
transportation, water supply,
electricity, telephone, environment,
ecology, geology and other authorities.
 Recommendation

The challenge facing the world today is to minimize the

negative effects and build the benefits. Infrastructure
needs to be improved. Opportunities should be created
within rural areas to prevent migration to cities.
The challenges of future urbanization in Bangladesh are
enormous. Poor management, inefficiency and lack of
coordination among implementing agencies combined with
insufficient financial resources have been aggravating the
situation. Failure to address them with a strong and
coordinated planning will have disastrous consequences.
Sound planning and well thought out strategy, strong
coordination and a compact implementation plan
supported by ample finance is essential.
 Recommendation
(contd)
To Improve of City Governance
To decentralize of Functions and
Responsibilities
Better Urban Planning and Sound
Incentives
To explore the Feasibility of NGO
Involvement in Housing
Conclusion