PETE 324

LECTURE 21
ROSALIND ARCHER
Analysis of Drawdown
Infinite-acting radial flow in a homogenous reservoir is
Tests
governed by:

qB kt
p wf p i 162.6 log 3.22 0.8686s
kh c t rw
2

This is of the form:

p wf p1hr m log(t )
Analysis of Drawdown
where
Tests :
qB
m 162.6
kh
k
p1hr p i m log 3.22 0.8686s
c t rw
2

This implies the pressure data should form a

straight line on a semilog plot.
Analysis of Drawdown
Tests
Analysis procedure
Plot all data!
Fit a straight line to the data, remembering this
solution does not account for radial flow which
may distort the early time data. If the pressure
derivative is also plotted it should be at a
constant level during infinite-acting radial flow
(m=2.303p)
Use the slope of the semilog straight line (m) to
determine permeability (k)
Use the value of p(1hr) [read from the semilog
straight line] to determine skin (s).
Analysis of Drawdown
Tests
If the data departs from the semilog
straight line in late time in indicates the
presence of boundaries:
Analysis of Drawdown
Tests
Time can be related to radial distance in a well
test via the concept of the radius of
investigation:
2 kt
rinv 2.434 10
c t

This can be used to estimate the distance to the

reservoir boundary based on the time at which
the pressure data departs from the semilog
straight line.
Analysis of Buildup Tests

Pressure buildup tests involve recording

pressure data while a well is shut in after a
period of flow.
Analysis of Buildup Tests

The pressure response for a buildup can be

constructed by using superposition and the
drawdown solution.
An fake injection well (located at the same
location as the production well) is turned on at t
= tp. Its rate is -q.

qB t p t
p ws p wf (t 0) 162.6 log(t p ) log
kh t
k
log 2
3.22 0.8686s
c t rw
Analysis of Buildup Tests

This implies a plot of pws versus (tp+t)/t

should be a straight line. (Horner plot)
 Analysis of Buildup Tests

Analysis procedure
Plot all data (p versus (tp+t)/t)
Fit straight line to middle time region (early time
is distorted by wellbore storage).
k

Find slope (m) and extrapolation of straight line to

pws(1hr)
qB
k 162.6
mh

p (1hr ) p (t 0) t p
k
s 1.151 ws wf
log log 2
3.22
m t p 1 c t rw
Analysis of Buildup Tests

Average reservoir pressure is estimated using

p* (extrapolated from the straight line on the
Horner plot) using the Matthew-Brons-Hazebrok
(MBH) technique (not covered).

Remember t =t-tp i.e. time since the well was

shut-in.
Analysis of Buildup Tests

In practice the production time (tp) may be

unknown. Rather than assuming a value for tp
it is ignored. This is strictly valid if the reservoir
has been produced to pseudosteady state
conditions.

Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson (MDH) analyzed this

situation.
Analysis of Buildup Tests
qB
p ws p wf (t 0) 162.6 log t
kh
k
log 2
3.22 0.8686s
c t rw
Analysis of Buildup Tests
qB
k 162.6
mh

p ws (1hr ) p wf (t 0) k
s 1.151 log 2
3.22
m c t rw
 Variable-Rate Tests

The pressure response of a test with a

sequence of variable flow rates can also be
constructed using superposition.

n
p i p wf 162.6
kh j1
(q j q j1 ) log( t t j1 )

q n B k
162.6 log 2
3.22 0.8686s
kh c t rw
Variable-Rate Tests

It is convenient to normalise both sides of this

pi p (q q )
equation by the current n
flowrate:

qn
wf
162.6
kh j1 qn
j j1
log(t t j1 )

B k
162.6 log 2
3.22 0.8686s
kh c t rw
Variable-Rate Tests

y mx isba straight line (Odeh-Jones

This equation
plot):
where :
n (q q
j1 )
x
j
log(t t j )
j1 qn
(p i p wf )
y
qn
B
m 162.6
kh
k
b m log 2
3.22 0.8686s
c t rw
Wellbore Storage

C c V
Definition of wellbore storage coefficient:
s wb wb
Fluid filled wellbore

Rising or falling liquid level

144 A wb
Cs
5.615 (g / g c )
Wellbore Storage

During wellbore storage dominated flow the

following pressure-time relationships hold:

Drawdown
qB
p wf pi t
24Cs

Buildup

qB
p ws p wf (t 0) t
24Cs
Wellbore Storage

5.615C
Dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient

CD
2c t hrw
2
Type Curve: Pressure
Type Curve: Press.
Derivative
Last Words

Be consistent!
whatever is characterized as wellbore storage,
radial flow etc on one plot e.g. Cartesian must be
consistent with the presentation of the data on all
other plots e.g. semilog/Horner.