NANOTECHNOLOGY

IN MEDICAL SCIENCE

Rishi Tripathi
What is Nano Technology ?
It is the study of controlling and manipulating matter on
atomic or molecular level
It deals with structures with the size of 100 nanometers or
smaller in at least one dimension
In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to the projected
ability to construct items from the bottom up, using
techniques and tools being developed today to make
complete, high performance products
Its a disruptive technology ,with a power to change the world
Brief History Of
Nanoscience
On December 29, 1959, physicist Richard
Feynman gave a radical lecture at an
American Physical Society meeting at
Caltech titled Theres Plenty of Room
at the Bottom.

Feynman suggested that it should be

possible to make machines at a nano-scale
that "arrange the atoms the way we want",
and do chemical synthesis by mechanical
manipulation.

This lecture was the birth of the idea and

study of nanotechnology.
Hibbs Idea
Albert R. Hibbs -a noted mathematician
was fascinated by self-actuated machines.

According to Feynman, Hibbs originally

suggested to him (circa 1959) the idea of a
medical use for Feynman's theoretical
micromachines

Hibbs suggested that certain repair

machines might one day be reduced in size
to the point that it would, in theory, be
possible to "swallow the doctor"

What Feynman and Hibbs considered a

possibility, today 51 years later, is
becoming a reality.
Applications in Medical Science
Diagnostics
Detecting diseases at
molecular level and
imaging
Therapeutic
Drugs, Medicines

Tissue Engineering

Antibiotic Resistance

Surgery
 Drug Delivery
The rate at which drug
stays in body can be
Drug manipulated

Drugs that are normally

injected can be ingested

NanoPartic Drug Loaded Provides for requirement

le Nanoparticle of lower doses

Techniques Ongoing Research

Nanoneedles , Dendrimers, Improving drug half life
Nano capsules and antigenicity
Surgery Current
Research
Overview Area
With nanotechnology, minute surgical Nanocoated
instruments and robots can be made Surgical Needles
which can be used to perform
microsurgeries on any part of the body.
Atomic Force
Features Microscopy with a
Nanoneedle
Improved visualisation

Precise and accurate Femtosecond Laser

Neurosurgery
Less chance of human mistakes and
faults
Catheters for
Could also be done on cellular
Minimally Invasive
,genetic or molecular level
Surgery
Tissue Engineering &
Implants
Its a very fast growing scientific area in
this era and used to create, repair, and/or
replace cells, tissues andorgans by using
cells with biomaterials.

Nanotechnology can be used to create

nanofibers, nanopatterns and controlled-
release nanoparticles
Why???
Supply of donor organs cannot
keep up with demand

It will eliminate any risk of organ

rejection because the new organ
would be made from the persons
own tissue.
Toddler gets world first adult kidney transplant
using 3D printing (Source =The Telegraph)
Cancer
Moonshot !
Possible to end cancer
once and for all

Personalised targeted
therapy or delivery to
tumour to minimize side
effects

Nanotubes about half

the size of Dna molecule
can detect the presence
of altered gene for
staging cancer in earliest
possible stages
Superbug Epidemic
Superbugs are microorganisms that have become resistant to conventional
antibiotics due to misuse of antibiotics in large scale by doctors and patients
alike.

According to WHO, every year about 440,000 MDR-TB cases are estimated to
have appeared globally, and out of which about 150,000 patients die7. India
has the highest MDR-TB burden in the world

The average cost of treating a patient with MDR-TB is estimated to be about

US $9000 as compared to $19 for drug-sensitive TB. However chances of
successful treatment are drastically reduced

Application of nanotechnology improves the effectiveness of antibiotics due to

the following reasons:
Decreases the lipophilic character and increases the solubility of drug in water
Reduces toxicity
More bioavailability of antibiotics at the site of action
Sustained release of drug over a period of time
Army of Bots
An emerging field creating
machines or robots which
components are at or near the
scale of a nanometer

Nanomachines are largely in the

research and development but
some primitive nanomotors have
been tested

Targeted delivery of dugs to

tumor site

Monitoring Of Diabetes
Miscellaneous Uses
Snapshots of the human body for better
understanding of how it works.

Working of cells, bacteria, viruses etc can be

better explored. The causes of relatively new
diseases can be found and prevented.

Restore vision. Genome sequencing can be made

much easier. Biological causes of mental
diseases can be monitored and identified.

Simple curiosity can be answered.

.
Some issues
How many nanotechnology implementations in the
human body (to protect against diseases and to offer
enhanced immunization) would it take for a human to
no longer remain human?

Fear of decrease the gap between humans and

robots/computers

Will this possession/control render a bias for treatment

and use on basis of ethnicity, color and race, not to
mention political standings and viewpoints?

Does nanomedicine favor the rich or the poor? Will the

poor get equal access to nanomedicine and other nano-
References and Resources
http://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotechnology-medicine-glossary.
htm
- A great Medical Nanotechnology Dictionary providing the names
and definitions of various existing and hypothetical devices.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/issues/178370 - A link to an
official government nanotechnology journal published by NIH
(National Institute of Health)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine - A link to a Wikipedia
article and portal on Nanomedicine.
Google Images Common

Upcoming Conferences
15th World Medical Nanotechnology Congress,October 18-19, 2017 Osaka,
Japan
Theme: Advances of Nanomedicine in diagnosis theranostics
THE NEXT BIG
THING IS VERY
SMALL
Thank you