Direccionamiento IP

ALICE!
 Esquema de Direccionamiento IP

Las direcciones IP tienen 32 bits.

En el punto que la parte de la porcin de red termina, la parte
de la porcion de host comienza, dependiendo de la mascara
de subred que tenga.

Divide into four 8 bit sections (octets).

Convert from binary to decimal.

IP Addresses

Una direccion IP esta dividida en dos partes:

Red
Host

Cual de los bits hace entonces referencia al la porcion de red?

Cual de los bits hace referencia a la porcion de host?

La mascara de subred, le dice cual parte de la direccion IP es la

porcion de red y cual es la porcion de host
Default Class Network/Host Bits
 Mascaras de Subred dotacion decimal
1st octet 2nd octet 3rd octet 4th octet

192.4.0.0 Network Network Host Host

Subnet Mask: 255 255 0 0
255.255.0.0 or /16

10.2.0.0 Network Network Network Host

Subnet Mask:
255 255 255 0
255.255.255.0 or /24
 Why the mask matters: Number of hosts!

Subnet Mask: 1st octet 2nd octet 3rd octet 4th octet
255.0.0.0 or /8 Network Host Host Host
255.255.0.0 or /16 Network Network Host Host
255.255.255.0 or /24 Network Network Network Host
Subnet: 255.255.0.0 (/16)

Network Network Host Host

8 bits 8 bits
With 16 bits available for hosts,
there a 216 possible addresses.
Thats 65,536 nodes!

65,534 host addresses, one for network address and one for
broadcast address.
Subnet: 255.255.255.0 (/24)

Network Network Network Host

8 bits
With 8 bits available for hosts,
there a 28 possible addresses.
Thats 256 nodes!

254 host addresses, one for network address and one for broadcast
address.
IP Addressing
192.168.1. 192.4.0.0
0

10.2.0.0 172.0.0.0

Broadcast Address
Es generalmente usada para enviar los datos a todos los dispositivos
de la red
Generalmente se cambia todos los unos de la porcion de host en
una direccion
Las direcciones de Broadcast no pueden ser usadas sobre ningun
dispositivo conectada a la red
Host Addresses

Las direcciones de red incluyen un rango para las direcciones de

Host
Para cada red o subred, dos direcciones no pueden ser usadas como
direcciones IP:
1. Direccion de Red
2. Direccion de Broadcast
Range of hosts Your Turn!

Network Address Subnet Mask Broadcast Address

172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.255.255.255
172.0.0.1 through 172.255.255.254

172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.255.255

172.16.0.1 through 172.16.255.254

192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.255

192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.254

192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.255.255

192.168.0.1 through 192.168.255.254

192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255

192.168.0.1 through 192.168.0.254
 Que es subnetting?
Network Network Host Host

172 16 0 0

Network Network Subnet Host

Subnetting es el proceso donde se prestan bits de la

porcion de host a la porcion de red, para dividir grandes
subredes en pequeas subredes
Siempre se debe tener en cuenta que se pierden dos
direcciones por cada subred que se crea, una para la
direccion de subred IP y otra para la direccion de broadcast
de esa subred.
Default Class Network/Host Bits
Class C example

Write out the binary for the following address, borrowing

3 bits for subnets:
192.168.10.0
Use black = network; red = sN; green = host
Class address first

11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000

11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000
Class B example

Write out the binary for the following address, borrowing 5

bits for subnets:
147.10.0.0
Class address first

10010011.00001010. 00000000.00000000

10010011.00001010.00000000.00000000
Class A example

Write out the binary for the following address,

borrowing 12 bits for subnets:
28.0.0.0
Class address first

00011100. 00000000. 00000000.00000000

11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Subnet Mask

Class A = 255.0.0.0
Class B = 255.255.0.0
Class C = 255.255.255.0
Si tres bits fueron prestados, entonces la mascara
para direccion clase C debera ser 255.255.255.224 or
/27
The fourth octet, 224 = 11100000
Subnet Mask

El /27 significa:
Para una red clase C significa que 3 bits fueron
prestados; 8+8+8+3
Para una clase B significa que 11 bits fueron
prestados; 8+8+8+3
Para una red clase A significa que 19 bits fueron
prestados; 8+8+8+3
Redes utilizables

El numero de subredes utilizables = 2 elevada a la

potencia del numero de bits que fueron prestados o
asignados a la subred, menos 2.

2power of borrowed bits - 2 = subredes utilizables

Se prestaron 3 bits: 23 - 2 = 6 usable subnets
Se prestaron 4 bits: 24 - 2 = 14 usable subnets
Se prestaron 5 bits: 25 - 2 = 30 usable subnets
Se prestaron 6 bits: 26 - 2 = 62 usable subnets
Hosts Disponibles

El numero de host disponibles = 2 elevada a la

potencia de los bits restantes menos 2 (reservados
para la direccin de la subred y la direccin de
broadcast).

3 bits fueron prestados, quedan 25 - 2 = 30 hosts

4 bits fueron prestados, quedan 24 - 2 = 14 hosts
5 bits fueron prestados, quedan 23 - 2 = 6 hosts
6 bits fueron prestados, quedan 22 - 2 = 2 hosts
Determinando subredes, direccin de broadcast, y rango de
direcciones vlidas de Host

Example:
Host: 172.16.10.33 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
Is this a Class A, Class B or Class C address? Class B
Therefore how many bits make up the Network portion? 16
How many bits are in the Subnet Mask?
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 = 27
How many bits are left for Host addresses? 5
How many separate addresses in each subnet? 32
Which address represents the whole subnet? 172.16.10.32
Which address is used to broadcast to the subnet? 172.16.10.63
Which addresses are left in the valid host range?

First Valid: 172.16.10.33 Last Valid: 172.16.10.62

 Determinando subredes, direccin de broadcast, y rango
de direcciones vlidas de Host

Example 2:
Host: 192.168.100.25 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.252

C
Is this a Class A, Class B or Class C address?
Therefore how many bits make up the Network portion? 30
How many bits are in the Subnet Mask? 30

How many bits are left for Host addresses? 2

How many separate addresses in each subnet? 2 usable

Which address represents the whole subnet? 192.168.100.24

Which address is used to broadcast to the subnet? 192.168.100.27
Which addresses are left in the valid host range? 192.168.100.26