PREPARING WET CONCRETE

AND CONCRETE TEST

ON SITE

Prepared by:
ShahrulAfifi B Zakaria.
Nur Muhammad Kamil B Mohd Izhari.
Preparing Wet Concrete.
What is concrete?
- Concrete is product consist of cement,
sand and coarse aggregates and water
which is there are mix together in
required proportion (ratio).

Cement Sand Coarse Water

Aggregate
(gravel)
Preparing Wet Concrete.
Water /Cement Ratio.
For normal mix, the amount of mixture for cement, sand,
and course aggregate is measured by ratio of weight or
ratio of volume.
However, ratio of weight is most preferable. For example,
a mixture of 1: 2 : 4 means 1 part of cement, 2 parts of
fine aggregate and 4 part of coarse aggregate.
In addition, other examples of concrete mixture proportion
used to produce the required strength of concrete are 1: 3
: 6 , 1 : 1.5 : 3 and 1 : 4 : 8.
Water use in concrete mixture is based on water/cement
ratio which is it is a ratio of weight of water to weight of
cement. The chemical reaction between cement and
water causes concrete to harden.
Preparing Wet Concrete.

Mix the cement with Pour clean water on Mix the mixture with
sand the mixture. the scoop.

Concrete are ready Mix the mixture with Add course aggregate
 Concrete Test
Devide into 2 Test:-
i. Slump Test
ii. Cube Test.
Concrete Slump Test is a one of test that
usually conducted to measure
workability of fresh concrete.
Concrete Cube Test is a test conducted
to determine the strength of concrete.
 Slump Test
Equipment And Material.

Frustum Steel Rod

Base Plate Steel Ruler

 Slump Test
Procedures:

i. Place frustum on the base plate.

ii. Fill the wet concrete mixture in the cone in three equal
layers.
iii. Compact each layer 25 times using compacting steel
rod and the top surface is struck off by means of a
sawing and rolling motion of the tamping rod.
iv. The cone is slowly lifted and observed the slump.
v. Invert the frustum and place it close to the collapsed
concrete.
vi. Measure and record the slump and type of slump.
vii. The slump can be measured as shown in the figure.
 Slump Test
Result.
-There are three types of slumps that can happen, which are true slump,
shear slump, and collapse slump as shown in figure below.

Quality concrete is concrete which experiences true slump. True slump

happens because of its cohesiveness and rich mixes. Rich mix is a
mixture that has more cement content.

The shear slump happens due to inadequate mix. Inadequate mix

means a mixture which has less cement. Shear slump show lack of
cohesiveness in the concrete mix.

The collapse slump shows that the mix is too wet and produces low
quality concrete.
 Cube Test
Instrument And Material.

Cube Mould
Concrete cube mould of size 150mm
or 100mm. It is used for aggregate
size of not greater than 40mm and
25mm. Cube mould for test must be
made from steel or cast iron with
smooth inner surface. Every mould
must have steel plate to support and Steel Rod
to prevent leakage.
Compacting steel rod with 16mm
diameter and 600mm long.
Compression test machine.

Compression
 Cube Test
Procedures.
Mould and base plate must be clean and applied with oil to
prevent concrete from sticking to the side of the cube.
Base plate is attached to the mould by using bolt and nut.
Fill the cube with concrete in three layers.
Every layer must be compacted for 25 times. This process
is carried out systematically and compaction is done
uniformly to all surfaces of the concrete. Compaction can
also be conducted using machine.
The surface of concrete must be smoothen so it will has
the same level with the upper side of the mould.
Cubes which are made at construction site must be
covered with plastic cover for a period of 24 hours before
the moulds can be dismantled.
After remoulded, the concrete cubes are submerged in
water for curing.
Compression strength test must be carried out for concrete
at age 7, 14, and 28 days by using compression test
machine.
 Cube Test
Result.

- The Strength value of each

cube must be recorded and
compared with the targeted
strength value. The purpose
of carrying out concrete test
on 7th day and the 14th day is
to predict whether the
concrete could archive the
targeted 28th day strength.
In general, concrete would
have acquired 70% strength
on the 7th day.
 Reference
Yusop Bin Paal, Werdah Binti Abdul
Halim, Sarifah Binti Daud. (Pengajian
Kejuruteraan Awam Tingkatan 4),DBP
Kuala Lumpur,2005.
Google Image Search.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_slu
mp_test.

Thank You.