L2

acquisitions Errors
(Noof & Jawaher)
Second language acquisition:

Language is the method of expressing ideas and

emotions in the form ofsigns and symbols. Second
language acquisition or SLA is the process of learning
other languages in addition to the native language.
(Singhal, 2102)
Stages of SLA:

I. pre-production : non verbal (no talking

only listening)
II. early production: sound experimentation (
key words/ one word).
III.speech emergence (simple sentences,
grammar errors)
IV.intermediate fluency( less grammar
errors, nearly a professional).
V. Advanced fluency ( professional
HCT. (2016).
speaker ).
The different between Errors
and Mistakes:

Errors
Knowledge of the L2 rules is incomplete
follows either the rules of the L1, or the learners
interlanguage
Not recognized as errors by the learner
ONLY teachers (and researchers) can identify them and offer
help to improve them

Mistakes
Slips of the tongue

Caused by tiredness, nerves, lack of concentration

(Keshavarz, 2012)
 Source of errors

Interlingual Intralingual
Errors caused by Errors caused by
transferring rules second language
from mother tongue. processing in its
Phonological (b for p) own terms.
Substitution
Syntactic Permutation
Semantic Omission
Addition
Intralingual
4 Types of Errors:

Substitution (replacement)
Permutation (incorrect word order)
Omission (leaving out)
Addition (adding to)
Identifying Errors:

Classi Analyz
Collect
fy e
data
errors source

Quanti
Correcti
Identi fy
on
fy errors
errors

(Keshavarz, 2012)
Speaking
 Age of student: 7 years old

Language spoken Arabic

in the home:

How long has he From FS1,2

been studying
English
Phonics/Letters D- Developing level
Knowledge

Math Skills D- Developing level

Learner Football, Drama,

Student A: Hamed preferences Music

Stage of SLA: Stage4: Socio-emotional Happy, Confident.

Intermediate fluency
Student A errors:
video
 Age of student: 8 years old

Language spoken African

in the home:

How long has he 3 years

been studying
English
Phonics/Letters D- developing
Knowledge level

Math Skills E- emerging level

Learner Going to her friend

Student B: Dane preferences house

Stage of SLA: Stage4: Socio-emotional Working alone

Intermediate fluency
 Student B errors:
video

Stage of SLA:
Stage3: Speech Emergence
Practice activities for speaking :

Talk for a Hide and

Flashcard Speak
Minute
Writing
STAGES OF WRITING:

Scribbling
Letter-Like Symbols
Strings of Letters
Beginning Sounds Emerge
Consonants Represent Words
Initial, Medial and Final Sounds
Transitional Phrases
Standard Spelling
 Age of student: 7 years old

Language spoken Arabic

in the home:
How long has he From FS1,2
been studying
English
Phonics/Letters E-Emerging level
Knowledge
Math Skills E-Emerging level

Student C : Ibrahim
Learner ICT
preferences
Socio-emotional Quiet, Not so
confident.
Student C errors:
video
 Age of student: 8 years old

Language spoken Arabic

in the home:
How long has he 6 years
been studying
English
Phonics/Letters D- developing level
Knowledge
Math Skills M- mastery level

Student D : Lina
Learner Art Reading
preferences
Socio-emotional Helping student
Student D errors:
video
Practice activities for writing :

Writing Fun board and

instructions Brochure pin
Reference:
HCT. (2016). Lecture on Second Language Acquisition:
Stages of SLA. Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi.
Keshavarz, M. (2012).Contrastive Analysis and Error
Analysis,(2nd ed.). Tehran: Rahamana Press.
Haynes, J. (2005). Stages of Second Language
Acquisition. Retrieved from everythingESL:
http://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_stage
s.php
Singhal, V. (2102, March 2). Defining Second Language
Acquisition. Retrieved from BRIGHT HUB EDUCATION.