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Chapter
Nine
One-Sample Tests of
Hypothesis
GOALS
When you have completed this chapter, you
will be able to:
ONE
Define a hypothesis and hypothesis testing.
TWO
Describe the five step hypothesis testing procedure.
THREE
Distinguish between a one-tailed and a two-tailed test of
hypothesis.
FOUR
Conduct a test of hypothesis about a population mean.
McGraw-Hill/ The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 All
9-2
What is a Hypothesis?
A Hypothesis is a statement about the value of a
population parameter developed for the purpose of
testing.
Hypothesis Testing
S t e p 1 : S t a t e n u ll a n d a lt e r n a t e h y p o t h e s e s
S t e p 2 : S e le c t a le v e l o f s ig n ific a n c e
S t e p 3 : I d e n t ify t h e t e s t s t a t is t ic
S t e p 4 : F o r m u la t e a d e c is io n r u le
S t e p 5 : T a k e a s a m p le , a r r iv e a t a d e c is io n
D o n o t r e je c t n u ll R e je c t n u ll a n d a c c e p t a lt e r n a t e
Definitions
Definitions
Type I Error: Rejecting the null hypothesis when it
is actually true.
Definitions
Type II Error: Accepting the null hypothesis
when it is actually false.
0 . 3
.95 probability
.05 region of
0 . 2
rejection
f ( x
0 . 1
Critical
Value
z=1.65
. 0
- 5
0 1 2 3 4
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
McGraw-Hill/ Copyright 2003, McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 All
9-11
.95 probability
0 . 3
2 .025 regions
of rejection
0 . 2
f ( x
0 . 1
Critical
Value
z=1.96
. 0
- 5
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
McGraw-Hill/ Irwin
McGraw-Hill/ The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 All
9-13
X
z
/ n
EXAMPLE 1
The processors of Fries Catsup indicate on the label that
the bottle contains 16 ounces of catsup. The standard
deviation of the process is 0.5 ounces. A sample of 36
bottles from last hours production revealed a mean
weight of 16.12 ounces per bottle. At the .05 significance
level is the process out of control? That is, can we
conclude that the mean amount per bottle is different
from 16 ounces?
EXAMPLE 1 continued
EXAMPLE 1 continued
X 16.12 16.00
z 1.44
n 0.5 36