Chapter 11

Op-Amp Applications
 OpAmpApplications

Constant-gain multiplier
Voltage summing
Voltage buffer
Controlled sources
Instrumentation circuits
Active filters

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 2 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 ConstantGainAmplifier

Inverting Version

more

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 3 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 ConstantGainAmplifier

Noninverting Version

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 4 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 Multiple-Stage Gains

The total gain (3-stages) is given by:

A A1 A 2 A 3
or

Rf Rf Rf
A 1
R1 R2 R3

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 5 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 VoltageSumming

The output is the sum

of individual signals
times the gain:

R R R
Vo f V1 f V2 f V3
R1 R2 R3

[Formula14.3]

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 6 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 Voltage Buffer
Any amplifier with no gain or loss is called a unity gain
amplifier.
amplifier
The advantages of using a unity gain amplifier:

Very high input impedance

Very low output impedance

Realistically these circuits

are designed using equal
resistors (R1 = Rf) to avoid
problems with offset
voltages.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 7 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 ControlledSources

Voltage-controlled voltage source

Voltage-controlled current source
Current-controlled voltage source
Current-controlled current source

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 8 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source
The output voltage
is the gain times the Noninverting Amplifier Version
input voltage. What
makes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
impedance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.

more

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 9 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source
The output voltage
is the gain times the Inverting Amplifier Version
input voltage. What
makes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
impedance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 10 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 VoltageControlledCurrentSource

The output current

is:
V1
Io kV1
R1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 11 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 Current-Controlled Voltage Source

This is simply another way

of applying the op-amp
operation. Whether the
input is a current
determined by Vin/R1 or as
I 1:
Rf
Vout Vin
R1
or
Vout I 1R L

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 12 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 CurrentControlledCurrentSource

Thiscircuitmayappear
morecomplicatedthan
theothersbutitisreally
thesamething.

Rf Vin
Vout Vin Io
R in R 1 || R 2
Vout Vin R1 R 2
I o Vin
Rf R 1 || R 2 R1 R 2
Vout V V R R2
in I o in 1
Rf R in R1 R 2
R
I o I 1 1 kI
R2

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 13 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 InstrumentationCircuits

Some examples of instrumentation circuits using op-

amps:

Display driver
Instrumentation amplifier

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 14 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 DisplayDriver

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Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 InstrumentationAmplifier

ForallRsatthesamevalue(exceptRp):
2R
Vo 1 V1 V2 k V1 V2
RP

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 16 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 ActiveFilters
Adding capacitors to op-amp circuits provides external control of the
cutoff frequencies. The op-amp active filter provides controllable
cutoff frequencies and controllable gain.

Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Bandpass filter

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 17 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 LowPassFilterFirstOrder

The upper cutoff frequency

and voltage gain are given
by: 1 Rf
f OH Av 1
2 R 1 C 1 R1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 18 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 LowPassFilterSecondOrder

The roll-off can be made steeper by adding more RC networks.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 19 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 HighPassFilter

The cutoff frequency is determined by:

1
f OL
2 R 1C1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 20 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
 BandpassFilter
There are two cutoff
frequencies: upper and
lower. They can be
calculated using the same
low-pass cutoff and high-
pass cutoff frequency
formulas in the
appropriate sections.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 21 Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.