CONSTRUCTION SKILL

ENHANCEMENT TRAINING

2017
TRAINING SESSION

TR 02
FORM WORK
Objective of this session

Theoretical knowledge and discussion

Practical Experience

Assessment
What is Formwork?

o Formwork is a mould including all supporting structures, used to

shape and support the concrete until it attains sufficient strength to
carry its own weight.
o It should be capable of carrying all imposed dead and live loads
apart from its own weight.

Formwork is commonly made of

o Steel
o Timber
TIMBER FORMWORK
STEEL FORMWORK
 Formwork has been in use since the beginning of concrete
construction.
New materials such as steel, plastics and fibreglass are used in
formwork.
Greater attention is being given to the design, fabrication, erection
and dismantling of formwork
Formwork is designed according to The ACI document SP-4.
Materials Used in Timber formwork
Plywood Shuttering oil
 Materials Used in Timber formwork
White Wood Shuttering Clamp
Nails

Shuttering Tie-rod
Tools Used in Timber formwork
Wood Cutter
Crowbar

Hand saw
Qualities of Formwork
It should be water tight.

It should be strong.
It can be reusable.

Its contact surface should be uniform.

It should be according to the size of member.

 In order to successfully carry out
its function, formwork must
achieve a balance of following
Containment
requirements:
Strength
Resistance To Leakage
Accuracy
Ease Of Handling
Finish And Reuse Potential
Access For Concrete
Economy
 Containment: Formwork must be capable of shaping and
supporting the fluid concrete until it cures.
Strength: Formwork must be capable of safely
withstanding without distortion or danger, the dead weight of
the fluid concrete is placed on it, labour weight, equipment
weight and any environmental loadings.
 Ease of Handling: form panels and units should be
designed in such a way so that their maximum size does not
exceed that which can be easily handled by hand or
mechanical means.
In addition all formwork must also be designed and
constructed to include facilities for adjustments, levelling,
easing and striking without damage to the form work or
concrete.
The Column and Wall verticality tolerance should be
maximum 5mm
 Economy: All the formwork is very expensive. The formwork
designer must therefore not only consider the maximum number of
times that any form can be reused, but also produce a design that will
minimize the time taken for erection and striking.
Major objectives considered in formwork:

Quality
Safety
Economy
 Quality:
Forms must be designed and built with sufficient stiffness and
accuracy so that the size, shape, position, and finish of the cast
concrete are maintained.
Safety:
Forms must be built sufficient strength and factor of safety so that
they have the capable of all supporting loads.
Economy:
Forms must be built efficiently, minimizing time and cost.
Three stages in the process :
a) Assembly and erection .

b) Concrete placement.

c) Stripping and dismantling.

 Formwork Installation Steps
1. Safety :
. Toolbox talk
. Access,
. Housekeeping ,
. PPEs
 SAFETY FOR FORMWORK

Before Starting any kind of formwork, Tool Box need to be conducted

by the safety Engineer/Officer in the presence of Forman and Engineer.
Hot work permit/ other permits need to be obtained for the Works if
needed.
Proper PPE required during the works.
Should not try to lift any heavy Materials Alone. Seek the help of extra
manpower or Equipment's.
Always wear Safety Belt while working on heights.
Edge Barricading need to be done during the Formworks of Slab.
Scaffolding need to be arranged around the Columns and walls for
working at heights.
 Formwork detail for different
structural members :
In concrete construction formwork is commonly
provided for the following structural members.
o Foundation
o Column
o Wall
o Slabs & Beams
o Stairs
o Water tanks
 Formwork for Foundation
It consists of the following
Side & End Planks
Tie rod
Shuttering clamp
Lateral supports
 Sequence of Formwork
installation for Foundation
Foundation setting out done by surveyor
Fabrication of Shutter for foundation as per the
required size
Foundation setting out will be verified by site
engineer & QC inspector
Application shuttering oil
Installation of form work
Supports for formwork
Alignment and verticality checking by Site
engineer and Surveyor
 Formwork for Column
It consists of the following
Side & End Planks
Tie rod
Lateral Supports
Anchors
Sequence of Formwork
installation for Column
Column setting out done by surveyor
Fabrication of Shutter for Column as
per the required size
Column setting out will be verified
by site engineer & QC inspector
Application shuttering oil
Installation of form work
Supports for formwork
Alignment and verticality checking
by Site Engineer and Surveyor
Column Setting out
Formwork for columns
Formwork for Wall

It consists of
Timber sheeting
Vertical posts
Horizontal members
Rackers
Stakes
Wedges

After completing one side of

formwork reinforcement is
provided at the place then the
second side formwork is
provided.
 Formwork for Slabs &
beams
It consists of
Base Jack
Ledger
Standard
Universal Jack
Drop Head
Decking Beam
Infill Beam
Marine Plywood
Props Jack
White Wood
Tie Rod

Beam formwork rests

on Props Jack
 Placing of Infill Beam
Slab form work
rests on Decking
Beam and infill
beam
If prop and
Standard heights
are more than 4m
provide horizontal
braces.
 Formwork for Slabs & beams.
Timber Beam and Plywood System

It consists of
Ledger
Standard
Diagonal Bracing
Base Jack
Universal Jack
U Head Jack
Marine Plywood
White Wood
Timber Beam.
Lintel or Beam Formwork
FORMWORK FOR SLAB:
 Formwork for Stairs
It consists of
Vertical & inclined
posts
Inclined members
Wooden Planks or
Plywood for Decking
Stringer
Riser Planks
Stiffeners
FORMWORK FOR STAIRS:
 Time of Removal of
formwork
Sr. Period of Time
No Structural Member

1 Beam sides, walls & Columns 24 Hours

2 Slab (Vertical Supports remains intact) 24 hours

3 Slab (Complete Formwork removal) 22days

4 Beams (Removal of Sheeting, Props remains intact) 48 hours

5 Special concrete retaining walls

formwork removal) (up to 6 m span)
(Complete 48 hours

6 Retaining walls 24hours

 Dismanteling of
Formwork
Time of formwork removal mainly depends on the
following factors
1. Type of Cement
1. Rapid hardening cements require lesser time as compared to
OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)
2. Ratio of concrete mix
1. Rich ratio concrete gain strength earlier as compared to weak
ratio concrete.
3. Weather condition
1. Hydration process accelerates in hot weather conditions as
compared to cold and humid weather conditions.
4. Lab Test Reports
1. Depending on the Cube Test Report. The compressive strength
of concrete need to be achieved 100% or above. To be
confirmed by the QC Engineer.
Cantilever slab

First free end's support

should be removed.

And then from right to

left it should be proceed.

If we are removing from

the mid span then it will
act as a prop cantilever.
Simply supported slab

In simply supported we
have to remove the
support from the mid
span to the ends.
To meet the design
behavior.
 Walls and Columns
Jack Supports need to be removed from one face Column / Wall .
Anchors / Clamps to be removed.
Tie rods to removed completely.
First detach the Shorter Span Shutter
Detach the long span Shutter from one side the column / walls with
the help of Crane / more man and place it in properly in a leveled
surface.
Remove the jack from the other face and move the shutter into a
leveled surface.
The shutters need to be cleaned and Stack Properly.
 Maintenance of formwork
Due to continuous use Plywood & steel plates
surfaces become uneven and require maintenance.
Tie rod holes must be repaired
For steel formwork plates must be leveled by mallet
and loose corners must be welded.
Cost of formwork

For normal works cost of formwork is

about 30%-40% of the concrete cost.
For special works cost of formwork is
about 50%-60% of the concrete cost.
Formwork cost is controlled by the
following factors
Formwork Material cost
Formwork erecting cost
Formwork removal cost
Formwork jointing cost (Nails and Cables)
Labor charges.
Advantages of steel form work:

It can be used for a no. of times.

It is non absorbent.

Smooth finish surface obtained.

No shrinkage of formwork
occurs.
Easy to use.

Its strength is more.

LOADS ON FORMWORK:

Dead load
Self weight of formwork
Pressure and loads from fresh concrete
Reinforcement
Imposed load
Construction workers
Stacking of materials
Horizontal loads
Environmental loads
Accidental loads
Wind loads
End of Presentation
QUESTIONS ?????
 Thank you
THANK YOU