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This document discusses the linguistic phenomenon of assimilation. It explains that assimilation occurs when one phoneme is influenced by an adjacent phoneme in connected speech. Assimilation can be regressive, where the first phoneme takes on features of the following phoneme, or progressive, where the second phoneme takes on features of the preceding phoneme. The document outlines three main types of assimilation: place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing. It provides examples to illustrate how consonants assimilate in rapid, casual speech in English.
This document discusses the linguistic phenomenon of assimilation. It explains that assimilation occurs when one phoneme is influenced by an adjacent phoneme in connected speech. Assimilation can be regressive, where the first phoneme takes on features of the following phoneme, or progressive, where the second phoneme takes on features of the preceding phoneme. The document outlines three main types of assimilation: place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing. It provides examples to illustrate how consonants assimilate in rapid, casual speech in English.
This document discusses the linguistic phenomenon of assimilation. It explains that assimilation occurs when one phoneme is influenced by an adjacent phoneme in connected speech. Assimilation can be regressive, where the first phoneme takes on features of the following phoneme, or progressive, where the second phoneme takes on features of the preceding phoneme. The document outlines three main types of assimilation: place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing. It provides examples to illustrate how consonants assimilate in rapid, casual speech in English.
result of being near some other phoneme belonging to a neighbouring word. Every consonant and every vowel is affected by its neighbouring consonants and vowels. This adaptation of segments to each other is sometimes referred to as assimilation. Assimilation is something which varies in extent according to speaking rate and style; it is more likely to be found in rapid, casual speech and less likely in slow, careful speech. Example: consider a case where two words are combined, the first of which ends with a final consonant (which we will call Cf) and second of which starts with a single initial consonant (which we will call Ci); we can construct a diagram like this:
If Cfchanges to become like Ciin some way, the
assimilation is called regresive (the phoneme that comes first is affected by the one that comes after it); if Cichanges to become like Cfin some way, the assimilation is called progressive. Main Differences Between Consonants
i) differences in place of articulation
ii) differences in manner of articulation iii) differences in voicing. Assimilation of Places Assimilation of places is most clearly observable in some cases where a final consonant (Cf) with alveolar place of articulation is followed by an initial consonant (Ci) with a place of articulation that isnotalveolar. Example: the final consonant in that t is alveolar t. In rapid, casual speech the t will becomepbefore bilabial consonant, as in: that person p psn Before a dental consonant,twill change to a dental plosive, for which the symbol ist, as in: that thing t ; get those et z However, the same is not true of the other alveolar consonants: s and z behave differently, the only noticeable change being that s becomes, and z becomes, when followed byor j, as in: this shoe u; those years jz. Assimilation of Manner Assimilation of manner is much less noticeable, and is only found in the most rapid and casual speech; generally speaking, the tendency is again for regressive assimilation and the change in the manner is most likely to be towards an easier consonant one which makes less obstruction to the airflow. It is thus possible to find cases where a final plosive becomes a fricative or nasal (e.g. that side s sad, good night n nat), but most unlikely that a final fricative or nasal would become a plosive. In one particular case we find progressive assimilation of manner, when a word-initialfollows a plosive or nasal at the end of a preceding word: it is very common to find that theCibecomes identical in manner to the Cfbut with dental place of articulation. For example: Assimilation of Voice Assimilation of voice is also found, but again only in a limited way. Onlyregressive assimilation of voice is found across word boundaries, and then only of one type. IfCf is a lenis (i.e. voiced) consonant and Ciis fortis (i.e. voiceless) we often find that the lenis consonant has no voicing; this is not a very noticeable case of When Cfis fortis (voiceless) and Cilenis (voiced), a context in which many languages Cfwould become voiced, assimilation of voicenevertakes place. example: I like that black dog a lak t blk d. It is typical of many foreign learners of English to allow regressive assimilation of voicing to change the final k of like to g , the final t of that to d and the final k of black to g.
Tobias Scheer - A Guide To Morphosyntax-Phonology Interface Theories - How Extra-Phonological Information Is Treated in Phonology Since Trubetzkoy's Grenzsignale-De Gruyter Mouton (2010)