M.B.M.

Engineering College ,Jodhpur

Department Of Electrical Engineering
2016-2017

PRESENTATION ON AIRBORNE
WIND ENERGY

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY :

DR. M.K.BHASKAR HIMANSHU KUKREJA
PROFESSOR ROLLNO. 14EEL74012
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
LAYOUT OF AWES
CONCEPTS FOR EXTRACTING HIGH ALTITUDE WIND
ENERGY
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS WHICH IS USED IN AWES
CLASSIFICATION OF AWES
ADVANTAGE OF AWES
DISADVANTAGE OF AWES
APPLICATION OF AWES
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
Wind is a clean, renewable energy source.
Airborne Wind Energy System (AWES) is a high altitude
energy extraction technology.
Normally the wind turbine work at low altitude (below
400 feet), but at low altitude wind has low speed and is
non-steady.
But the AWES work at higher altitude (600-1000 feet), and
at higher altitude wind has high velocity and is turbulence
free.
At high altitude wind is more persistent, so capacity factor
for wind turbine can increase.
 HISTORY
Miles L. Loyd proposed and analyzed an efficient
AWES in his work "Crosswind Kite Power" in 1980.
The first work aimed at evaluating the potential of
AWES as a renewable energy resource has been
presented by Archer and Caldeira in 2009.
A balloon concept developed by Magenn Power Inc.
namely Magenn Air Rotor System.
Airborne wind turbines proposed by Sky Wind Power,
Joby Energy and Makani Power.
LAYOUT OF AWES
CONCEPTS FOR EXTRACTING
HIGH ALTITUDE WIND ENERGY

Generally stronger and more persistent wind is

obtained at higher altitudes.
The concepts for extracting energy from high
altitude wind can be categorized according to
the position of the electrical generator as
a) Groundgen concept
b) Flygen concept
GROUNDGEN CONCEPT :-
The groundgen concept consists a generator kept at ground
level is connected to a suitable rotating mechanism such as
cable drum which is linked to a tethered airfoil or power
kite[4].

Fig.1 Groundgen Concept.

FLYGEN CONCEPT :-
In the flygen concept, the propeller turbine on the flying device or
the flow induced rotational motion of the complete device drives on-
board generators from where the electrical energy is transmitted to
the ground by a conductive tether.

Fig.2 Flygen Concept.

SOME IMPORTANT FORCES
WHICH IS USED IN AWES
AERODYANAMIC FORCE ( ):
Aerodynamic force is exerted on a body by the air (or some other
gas) in which the body is immersed, and is due to the relative
motion between the body and the gas. It is having two
components lift force and drag force.
= +

LIFT FORCE:
The lift force is acting perpendicular to the body surface.
DRAG FORCE:
Drag force acting in effective winds direction.
CLASSIFICATION OF
AIRBORNE WIND ENERGY

Ground-Base Power Generation

On-Board Power Generation
Multiple Wing System
Lighter Than Air System

1. GROUND-BASE POWER GENERATION

Basically it generate the power based on groundgen concept
It does not need high voltage electrical power transmission via the
tether
Directly uses the strong tether tension to unroll the tether from a
drum, and the rotating drum drives an electric generator
 Fig.3: Ground based power generation

As both the drum and generator can be placed on the ground, we call
this concept ground-based generation or traction power generation.
For continuous operation; one has to periodically retract the tether.
 Two phase are there, power production phase is also called reel-out
phase, and the retraction phase or reel-in phase.
This allows one to reel in the tether with a much lower energy
investment than what was gained in the power production phase.

Fig.4: Reel In and Reel Out Phase[6].

2. On-Board Power Generation

In an On-Board Power Generation, electrical energy is

produced on the kite or balloon and it is transmitted to the
ground via a special rope which carries electrical cables.
On-Board Power Generation produces electric power
continuously while in operation except during take-off and
landing maneuvers in which energy is consumed.
Among On-Board Power Generation it is possible to find
cross wind systems and non-cross wind systems depending
on how they generate energy.
On-Board Power Generation
3. MULTIPLE WING SYSTEM
Due to the fact that tether drag is a significant obstacle to high
gliding numbers it would be beneficial to have short tethers.
On the other hand, a long tether is needed to reach high
altitudes.
For this reason, some concepts use multiple kites and decouple
the two roles of the tether by introducing two sorts of tether:
first, a primary tether that allows the AWE system to reach
altitude, and second, two or more secondary tethers that are
attached to the end of the primary tether, and connect it with
the kites, which are attached at their ends.
The first description of such a system, that was not yet built,
can be found in the patent with on-board generation.
 This configuration allows the kites to loop fast around the
attachment point between the two tethers.

Fig 5: Multiple Wing System

4. Lighter Than Air System
While most airborne wind energy systems rely on
aerodynamic lift in one form or the other in order to keep the
system airborne, a few systems rely on aerostatic lift to stay
aloft, i.e. the airborne part of the system is lighter than air.
The advantage is that they can stay airborne in the absence of
wind indefinitely, and without power consumption.
They also need a considerable volume to compensate the
weight of the rest of the airborne system this volume is
typically filled with Helium.
Two of the lighter than air systems that have been realized in
recent years, the systems by Magenn power and Altaeros
Energies.
Fig 6: Altaeros Airborne Wind Power
ADVANTAGE OF AIRBORNE
WIND ENERGY SYSTEM
Deliver time-averaged output much closer to its
rated capacity
Can be placed closer to demand centres,
reducing transmission line costs and
transmission line loses
Can operate in wind speeds between 5 65 mph
can be raised to higher altitudes without having
to build an expensive tower
can be easily moved to different locations
DISADVANTAGE OF AIRBORNE
WIND ENERGY SYSTEM

Bad weather in the form of thunder and lightning strikes

pose very serious risk to the destruction of any airborne
device.
No power is generated if the device is retracted during
bad weather.
Safety hazard as the airborne devices and power cables
may become detached or damaged falling to the ground.
Kites and wings must be light and durable to fly in the
high altitude winds.
Electrical energy losses in the long conducting cable from
the airborne generating system to the ground.
APPLICATION OF AIRBORNE WIND
ENERGY SYSTEM
Can be used off-grid for cell-towers, exploration equipment,
communities, farms and factories
Can be rapidly deployed to disaster areas for power to
emergency and medical equipment, water pumps, and relief
efforts
Wind farm deployment
For military purpose
In developing nations where infrastructure is limited or non-
existent it can easily provide electricity
CONCLUSION

High altitude wind energy is currently a very promising

resource for the sustainable production of electrical energy.
The amount of power and the large availability of winds that
blow between 300 and 10000 meters from the ground suggest
that Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWESs) represent an
important emerging renewable energy technology. In the last
decade, several companies entered in the business of AWES,
patenting diverse principles and technical solutions for their
implementation.
In the next years, a rapid acceleration of research and
development is expected in the airborne wind energy sector.
Several prototypes that are currently under investigation will
be completed and tested.
REFRENCES

Crosswind Kite Power Miles L. Loyd* Lawrence Livermore National

Laboratory, Livermore, California. VOL. 4, NO. 3 ARTICLE NO. 80-4075.
Effect of wind loading on the design of a kite tether S.K. VARMAandJ.S.
GOELA. Journal of Energy, Vol.6, No.5(1982), pp. 342-343.
Airborne Wind Energy: Basic Concepts and Physical Foundations Moritz
Diehl KU Leuven, Electrical Engineering Department, ArenbergKasteelpark
10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Airborne Wind Energy Systems : A review of the technologies Antonello
Cherubini , Andrea Papini , Rocco Vertechy , Marco Fontana .
M. Canale L. Fagiano M. Milanese M. Ippolito "Control of tethered airfoils for
a new class of wind energy generator" Proc. 45th Conf. Dec. Control pp.
4020-4026 2006.
M. Canale L. Fagiano M. Milanese "Power kites for wind energy generation"
<IEEE Control Syst. Mag. vol. 27 no. 6 pp. 25-38 Jun. 2007.
C. L. Archer, M. Z. Jacobson, "Evaluation of global wind power",J. Geophys.
Res., vol. 110, 2005.
Altaeros energies website ,http://www.altaerosenergies.com/
THANKYOU