MALAYSIAN STUDIES

CHAPTER 1:
HISTORY & POLITICS

1.1
PRE-HISTORIC &
EARLY KINGDOM
 PRE-HISTORIC AGE
35,000 years ago in Perak & Sabah.
4 pre-historic ages:
a) Paleolithic lived in caves, nomadic,
hunting, fishing, animism, 1st to use fire
b) Mesolithic Hoabinhian culture, similar
to Paleolithic but much more advance
c) Neolithic use of bifacial stones, clay &
made pottery
d) Bronze make weapons using bronze
 EARLY KINGDOMS
KINGDOM YEAR NOTE

1st century -Located in present Kampuchea

Funan -Influenced by the Old Kedah Hindu religion
-Kampung Sungai Emas (from 5th to the 10th
century)
-Pengkalan Bujang (from the 10th to the 14th
century)

Old Kedah 5th century -Monarchy system

-Strategic location
-Important entreport
-Influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism

Gangga 5th century -Port and trade centre

Negara,
 EARLY KINGDOMS
Langkasuka, 2nd -Important trade centre
Patani century -Influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism

Chih-Tu, 6th -Influenced by Buddhism

Kelantan century -Strong relationship with China

Tan-tan, 6th -Ruling system influenced Indian ruling

Terengganu century system
-strong relationship with China
Srivijaya 7th -Well-known trade centre
century -strong relationship with India and China
-Centre of Buddhism and sanskrit language

Majapahit 13 -Strong relationship with China, India and

century the Middle East
-Centre of Hinduism
 MALACCA MALAY
SULTANATE
Malacca established by Parameswara, a
Palembang prince in 1396.
Later known as Raja Iskandar.
Ran away from Palembang because of
Majapahit & Majapahit attacked him.
Ran to Singapore, killed ruler Temagi, a
relative of Thai King.
Took over a small fishing village and
turned into a port.
MALACCA MALAY SULTANATE
From Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu),
Parameswara name Malacca as he was
resting under a tree called pokok Melaka.
He saw a mousedeer kicked 1 of his
hunting dogs.
Pictured wealth, good luck n prosperity in
this village.
Arabic word Malakat (means market)
when the Arabs saw the prosperity of the
trade.
 Sang Kancil (Mouse deer )

Pokok Melaka
How Malacca got his name (Malacca Tree)
 DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA
Important port in 15th century.
Thailand wanted to destroy Malacca, so
Parameswara turned to China for protection.
1403 Admiral Yin Cheng arrived Malacca
for diplomatic relations & trade between China
& Malacca.
1409 Admiral Cheng Ho arrived Malacca
again for bilateral relations between China &
Malacca.
Parameswara expressed desire to be a vassal
of China.
1403 Admiral Yin Cheng arrrived Malacca
 DEVELOPMENT OF MALACCA

Malacca in Arrival of
the early Arab merchants
years & traders

Malacca
Eastern
Venice
 DEVELOPMENT OF
MALACCA
1411 Parameswara visited China for
bilateral relations.
Thailand was warned not to attack.
Port developed rapidly.
Parameswara decided to convert to Islam
as to attract Arab & Muslim Indian
merchants.
Change his name to Sultan Iskandar Shah.
 DEVELOPMENT OF
MALACCA
Parameswara married to a Pasai princess.
Strengthened Malacca-Pasai relationship
& developed Pasai into port.
Pasai = port, centre of learning &
spreading of Islam.
Malacca grew from reign of Sri Maharaja
(also known as Sultan Muhammad Syah,
son of Parameswara) & Raja Ibrahim.
Sultan Muzaffar Syah took throne at 1446.
 DEVELOPMENT OF
MALACCA
Sultan Muzaffar Syah spread his power to
Dinding, Selangor, Muar, Singapore,
Bentan & Pahang with help of Bendahara
Tun Perak.
Conquered Inderagiri & Kampar too.
Malacca controlled the source of economy,
that are spices (prolong food storage).
Malacca was also centre of spreading of
Islam.
 DEVELOPMENT OF
MALACCA
Malay language lingua franca.
Sultan Mansor Shah ruled Malacca with
advice from Bendahara Tun Perak.
Malacca became more prosperous.
Most important trade between Gujerat
Indian traders (Muslim) & Javanese
traders.
Islam religion of commercial fraternity.
Malacca Administrative
Hierarchy
 DEVELOPMENT OF
MALACCA
Sultan Alauddin Riwayat Shah came to
throne in 1477.
Islamic laws were carried out strictly.
Died at young age.
Sultan Mahmud Syah (1488 1511) took
over throne.
Malacca began to descend & loss of unity.
1511 Portugese conquered Malacca.
PRINCESS HANG LI PO
 MALACCAS SULTAN
PARAM ESW ARA
( D ie d 1 4 1 4 )

M U H A M M A D IS K A N D A R S H A H
( D ie d 1 4 2 4 )

S R I M A H AR A JA
( D ie d 1 4 4 4 )

SRI PARAM ESW ARA DEW A SHAH M U Z A F F A R S H A H / R A J A K A S S IM

( K i ll e d 1 4 4 6 ) ( D ie d 1 4 5 6 )

M ANSUR SHAH
( D ie d 1 4 7 7 )

R A JA A HM AD RAJA M UHAM M AD A L A U D D IN R IA Y A T S H A H
P a e a n 's 1 s t S u lt a n P a e a n ' s 2 n d S u lt a n (1 4 8 8 )

AHM AD SHAH M U ZA FFA R S H AH A L A U D D IN S H A H II