Essentialism

And
Purposivism
 concept of universal
education; the belief that
there is essential knowledge
that everyone in a given
culture must have in order to
be a knowledgeable and fully
participating member of that
culture.
It is the schools
responsibility to provide
that knowledge.
It states that the students
should be provided with the
basic education so that it
develops their knowledge as
well as helps in character
building.
instill all students with the
most essential or basic
academic knowledge and
skills and character
development.
 William C. Bagley
founder of essentialist
educational theory

Emphasizes rigorous
teacher-centered
education vs.
child-centered
learning
Essentialists believe

students should learn

from established
fundamentals of
education
students should study
the sensible and wise
subjects like literature,
philosophy, science and
other subjects related to
the great works
 there is a common core
of knowledge that needs
to be transmitted to
students in a systematic,
disciplined way
The child is a learner to be
shaped and developed

Education is a preparation
for life, it is not an imitation
of life
 Method: sit
in rows and
taught
(lectured) in
masses.
 Specific and basic
information, skills and
discipline

Students must learn from

established fundamentals of
education (basic theory, basic
subjects).
 Extremely orderly, academically
systematic, and emphasizes
discipline.

No emphasis on students needs and

interests.
May cause a cultural delay between the
student and society.
Curriculum.
essential knowledge and

skills
basedand
on academic
traditionalrigor
disciplines such as math,
natural science, history,
language, and literature
 Teachers Role Students Role

As an expert Listen and learn

Impart essential Trust that the

teacher knows
knowledge best

Direct focused
tasks
 Evaluation
method:
achievemen
t test scores
Purposivism
Definition of PURPOSIVISM
plural
:anyofvarioustheoriesof
natureorofhumanandanimal
behaviorthatregardpurposeor
consciousintentasabasalfact
isatheoryofstatutoryinterpretation
thatemphasizestheintentorpurpose
ofthedraftersofthelegislationor
constitution,asreflectedinthe
legislativehistory.Inother
words,purposivismreliesheavilyon
statutorypurposeininterpretingit.
 Purposivism means the primacy of striving
or seeking, rather than the primacy of
foresight. Sometimes the broader word,
horme (hor-may, a Greek word meaning
urge), is substituted for purpose, and
purposivism rechristened the hormic
psychology. The theories of William
McDougall are discussed, along with the
theories of L. L. Bernard.
William McDougall 1871-1938
Hestressedthatbehaviorcannotbe
understoodadequatelywithout
understandinghisgoalsthatman
Isdynamic,striving,purposefuland
creativecreature,.Hence,mans
behaviorcannotbeadequately
understoodwithoutconsideringhis
goals.

ThisisalsocalledHormic
Psychologybecauseaccordingto
McDougall,thesecretionofones
hormonesisresponsibleforthe
motiveforcethatpropelsoneto
strivetowardstheattainmentofones
goals.

Thank You !