Plant Bio-diversity

Contents
Meaning
Introduction
Classification
TheirImportance in
human life
 Meaning
The variety we see in
the plants that exist
on the Earth is known
as Plant Bio-
Diversity .
Plant world…
 Plants are living organisms belonging to
the vegetal kingdom that can live on
land or in water.

 There are over 300,000 species of

plants, of which more than 250,000
produce flowers.

 Unlike animals, that need to eat

already processed food , the plants are
able to produce their own food through
a chemical process called
photosynthesis.
 PLANTS

Tracheophytes-
Bryophytes-No
vascular tissues
vascular tissue
are present

SEEDLESS SEEDED

Reproduce GYMNOSPERMS-
via spores Non flowering

ANGIOSPERMS-
Flowering
 Classification on basis of
habitats:
• MESOPHYTES - Mesophytes are the
plants that grow on land and need
moderate amount of water.
• XEROPHYTES - Xerophytes are the
plants which grow on land and require
very little water.
• HYDROPHYTES - Hydrophytes are the
plants which float on or grow under
water.
Some Mesophytes:

Clover Ox - eye daisy

Some Xerophytes:

Barrel Cactus Euphorbia Virosa

Some Hydrophytes:

Lotus Water Lily

Classification on the basis of life
cycle:
Annual plants-They live only for 1
season
Biennial plants-They live for 2
seasons
Perennial plants-They live for 2 or
more seasons
Annual Plants:
Biennial plants
Perennial Plants:
 Classification on basis of mode
of nutrition:

Saprotophs-are Autotrophs –are

organisms that are capable of making
their own food.
organisms which obtain nutrients from
dead organic matter (this term
commonly applies to fungi).
Paraphytes –are plants which feed on
insects
Leaves.......
Why do leaves have different shapes ?

 Plants grow and maintain themselves through

photosynthesis, the process in which leaves
collect sunlight to convert water and carbon
dioxide into sugar. Since not all plants are
exposed to sunlight in the same way leaves
have different shapes that accommodate
each plants individual needs some plants ,
for e.g. , push their stems upwards , rising
above other plants and competing for
sunlight.
Thus the Structure of leaves of plants
is always different….

1. Examples of how leaves

may differ In shape :
Holly has tough spiky
leaves. Oak trees have
soft leaves with a wavy
edge. Atlas cedars have
bunches of thin sharp
leaves.
Trees and the difference in their
barks
1. A tree is a plant with a thick woody stem
called a trunk.
2. Most trees can grow for 100s of years some
trees are small but many are taller than a
house
3. As a tree grows its outer layer becomes hared
when they die the form a tough layer called
bark
4. There are different types of barks .
5. Look at the rings in a tree stump and count
these to find out the tree’s age……..
Difference in barks of trees

Cedar
Red pine
Zelkova White birch
 Carnivorous plants

The Venus flytrap plant The Pitcher Plant

 Male and female trees
 Dioecious plants are plants of which there are
both male and female sexes. Some dioecious
plants include holly, ginkgo, asparagus, dates,
mulberry and spinach. With some trees, such
as date trees male flowers usually have small
stigmas or maybe no stigmas in them and
female trees will be missing stamens.
Examples for male and female
trees:

Mae holly tree Female holly tree

 Test tube plants
 Growing a plant in a test tube is an artificial
mean of propagation, but the technique depends
on a natural process the capacity to regenerate,
or replace, in loss or damage body pats with new
growth first, a small piece of plant tissue is
isolated in a sterilized environment such ass a
test tube the tissue is then nourished with a
suitable growth medium given the proper
condition , an entire plant can be regenerated
from a tiny bit of tissue, or even from a single cell
TEST TUBE PLANTS:
Medicinal plants:

Serpentina Gulvel

Asparagus
Necessity of plants in human life
 Plants maintain the balance in nature

 They enable the survival of all species through the

interdependence among living things.

 They provide us food

 Medicines and herbs can be made out of them

 They remove carbon dioxide, release oxygen and purify

the air

 Raw materials – timber, paper, silk can be obtained

through them