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Thermodynamics of

Condensed Phases
1. Termodinamika logam
condensed systemsthat is, liquids and solids.
Identify the number of components present, the number of phases
present, thecomposition of each phase, and the quantity of each
phase from unary, binary, and ternary phase diagramsthat is, apply
the Gibbs Phase Rule.
Apply the Lever Rule to a two-phase eld in a binary phase diagram.
Identify three-phase reactions in binary component systems.
Calculate the free energy and heat of mixing for a simple binary
mixture.
Dene surface energy, and relate it to thermodynamic quantities
such as
Identify the three stages of sintering, and describe how surface
energy drives each process.
Differentiate between adhesion, cohesion, and spreading, and
calculate the work associated with all three.
Energi dalam
/\U + /\Ek + /\Ep =Q + W
Entalpi
dH = dU + d(PV)
Entropi
S = dQrev/T
Energi bebas Gibbs
dG = dH TdS
Potensial kimia
THERMODYNAMICS OF METALS AND
ALLOYS (paduan logam)
Phase Equilibria (kesetimbangan fasa) in Single-
Component Systems
2.1.1.1 Gibbs Phase Rule.
The goal of this section is to predict what will
happen to our element when it is subjected to
changes in those variables that we can
manipulate, usually temperature and
pressure.
Derajat kebebasan
degrees of freedom = number of intensive variables
number of independent restrictions
F = C + N
Degree of freedom (derajat kebebasan)
C= jumlah komponen
= jumlah fasa
N= jumlah variabel, jika variabel nya adalah temperatur
dan tekanan maka N=2
F=C+2
Air cair c=1, =1, N=2 f=1-1+2 =2.
Air gula (tidak jenuh) c=2, =1, f=2-1+2=3
Air gula jenuh c=2, =2 f=2-2+2=2
Diagram fasa satu
komponen
Diagram fasa sulfur,
monoklin (M) dan rhombik (R), cair (L), uap
(V)
Phase Equilibria in Binary-
Component Systems
G

Binary Phase Diagrams


The Lever Rule (aturan pengungkit)
Three-Phase Transformations in
Binary Systems

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