Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
LIGHT DESIGN
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES
Artificial light sources are categorized by the technology used to produce the light.
There's dozens of sources, with a few common in household applications and others
more suitable for industrial uses. The five most common light sources are as follows:
1. Incandescent lamp.
2. Compact fluorescent lamp.
3. Fluorescent tube.
4. Discharge lamps.
5. Light Emitting Diode (LED).
INCANDESCENT LAMP
This is still widely used, although its
relatively low energy efficiency is leading
to its replacement by other more efficient
lamps such as the CFL.
Indoor lighting
Outdoor lighting
Lamp type.
Installation method.
I== 675cd
Or
Where,
N = Number of luminaires required
E = Maintained Illuminance (lux)
= Initial lamp output (lumens)
n = Number of lamps in luminaire
MF = Maintenance factor
UF = Utilisation factor
A = Area of room ()
Number of Lamps / Luminaires.
N is used to represent the number of luminaires and nis used to represent the
number of lamps in each luminaire.
1. Type of Luminaire
A luminaire with a concentrated light output directed on
the working plane will have a higher UF than a luminaire
with a dispersed light output.
2. Room index.
This takes account of the length (L) and width (W) of the
room and the height of the luminaires above the working
plane (Hm). R.I. =
Example 1.9
Calculate the Utilisation Factor for a room with
the following dimensions: Length 8m; Width
6m; Height 3m; height of working plane 0.8m.
The room reflectances are Ceiling 0.5; Walls 0.3
and Floor 0.2.
Example 1.12
An office area measures 30m x 15m. The ceiling to desk height is 2 metres. The area is to
be illuminated to a general level of 500 lux using twin lamp 32 watt VDT luminaires with a
SHR of 1.25. Each lamp has an initial output of 85 lumens per watt. The lamps are
operated for 6000 hrs (2 years) before being replaced. Lamps and luminaires are cleaned
annually and the room is cleaned every 3 years.
(a) Using Table 1.9, find the utilisation factor.
(b) Using tables 1.2 to 1.6 find the maintenance factor.
(c) Calculate the number of luminaires required and design a suitable lighting scheme.
Solution:
(a) assume a bright interior with room reflectances 70% ceiling, 50% walls and 20% floor. The
top row of the table applies.
Room index = = = 5
from the table 1.9, U F = 0.69
Maintenance Factor (M.F.) = LLMF x LMF x RSMF x LSF = 0.87 x 0.81 x 0.95 x 0.95 = 0.636
(c)
N=
WHERE:
UF= utilisation factor for uplighters
ULOR= upward light output ratio of luminaire
=transfer factor
N=number of luminaires
E= maintained average illuminance(lux)
A=area of room()
= initial bare lamp lumens(lm)