Electromagnetic

compatibility/
electomagnetic
interference
Definition
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Concerns with unintentional propagation and reception of
electromagnetic energy which may cause unwanted effects
such as electromagnetic interference(EMI) and
Electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS).
has two main classes of issue: EMI AND EMS
Electromagnetic Interference
also calledradio-frequency interference(RFI).
disturbance generated by an external source that
affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic
induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction in
theradio frequencyspectrum.
Has two types:
-conducted: there is physical contact between
the source and the affected circuits.
-radiated: which is caused by induction.
Emi in daily life
Disturbance in the In flights, particularly
audio/video signals while taking off or
on radio/TV due an landing, we are required
aircraft flying at a low to switch off cell phones
altitude. since the EMI from an
active cell phone
Noise on interferes with the
microphones from a navigation signals.
cell phone
handshaking with
communication tower
to process a call
Emi in different frequency
bands
f < 30 MHz
- conducted emission like crosstalk or common-
impedance coupling.
30MHz 300MHz
- Radiated emission from large objects like cables.
f > 300MHz
-- Radiated emission from small objects like circuit
boards.
Narrowband EMI
Narrowband EMI consists of a single frequency
or a narrowband of interference frequencies.

usually has minor effect on communications or

electronic equipment

can e tuned out or faltered out.

Broadband EMI
not a discrete frequency time. It occupies
relatively large part of the electromagnetic
spectrum.

usually caused by arcing (electric arc) or corona

(radiated electromagnetic field).

causes most problems in digital data

equipment.
Solutions for emi
Spread-spectrum and frequency-hopping
techniques help both analog and digital
communication systems to combat EMI. Other
solutions like diversity, directional antennae, etc.,
enable selective reception of the desired signal.
Shielding with RF gaskets or conductive copper tapes
is often a last option on account of added cost.
Regulations to contain emi
The International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (CISPR) created global standards covering
recommended emission and immunity limits. These
standards led to other regional and national standards such
as European Norms (EN). Despite additional costs incurred
in some cases to give electronic systems an agreed level of
immunity, conforming to these regulations enhances their
perceived quality for most applications in the present day
environment.
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