Application conditions

There are three types of

applications Conditions.
Operational Conditions.
Environmental Conditions.
Processing Conditions.

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Application conditions:
operational
This is related to the functioning of the parts
For example in container applications the
operating condition may be the pressure of the
contents i.e. as in glass bottles drink is filled at
certain pressure and the container must
withstand that pressure
In certain other parts the operating conditions
include
Abrasion
Impact
Corrosion
Like automobile parts, piston rods and bearing

2
 Application conditions:
environmental
The performance of a material or
product depends very much on
the environment in which it has
to work or operate
Some products or parts may be
adversely affected in the
presence of humidity, water or
chemicals
Similarly the temperature can
also influence the performance
3
 Application conditions:
processing
The processing and fabrication
conditions largely depend upon the
physical requirement of the end product
like shape and configuration of parts.
For example you want to make various
parts of a car, bus or of an industrial
unit of any production line.
So you have to keep in mind their
physical shape, size and operational
strength.

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 Performance
requirements
The performance requirements
are of two types
Functional performance
Physical attributes (physical
shape)
size,
weight and
Appearance
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Functional performance

Whenever a product or part is

manufactured some functional objectives or
requirements are kept in mind like
A glass container is made for a certain life
cycle
An automobile engine is designed to give a
specified horse power without failing for a
certain period of time
Therefore the materials functional
requirements are derived from their
function, the part has been designed to
perform without failure and remains stable
over a period of time 6
 Safety
Safety is another criteria of the
performance requirement. A product or part
must perform its functions safely
Because sometimes the failure is very
dangerous such as in airplanes and high
pressure systems
This aspect of safety is related to reliability
Another aspect of safety is concerned with
the nature of material itself, some materials
are strong other are soft.
There are certain materials which are
hazardous to use in certain conditions
Like materials that give off spark when
7 struck are
 Physical attributes
In addition to the functional
requirements, products have
physical attributes (shapes)such
as
Configuration,
size,
weight and
Appearance

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 Physical attributes
Physical attributes sometimes
also serve functional
requirements like
The functioning of the flywheel is
directly related to the weight of
material used
To summarize the material
applications we can show it in
the following figure
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 Summary

(a)Operational
Application Performance
conditions requirements

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 All the three types of application
conditions can be termed as one or
another form of energy
Load/stress Mechanical Energy
Heat/cool Thermal Energy
Humidity/chemical Chemical
Energy
Power/current electrical Energy
Light Radiation energy
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 Constrain factors
In the application of materials there are
certain factors which limit the use of
that material. These factors are called
constrain factors. There are five types
of constraint factors
i. Existing facilities
ii.Compatibility
iii.Marketability, disposability & re-
cyclability
iv.Availability
v.cost
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Constraint factors: Existing
Facilities
We can only use that particular material
which can be processed by available
equipment or service that already exists
in that particular Lab.
For example, if your are making mobile
phones, the equipment in that lab.
would be specific to that particular item.
You can manufacture car or cycle or any
other heavy equipments only in a
workshop, having facilities for that
particular equipment.
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 Constrain factors:
Compatibility
It becomes a constrain whenever more than
one materials are involved in the application
When these materials are used in the same
environment, there should not be any
adverse or damaging reactions.
Like an environment reactions on one
material.
where heat is involved, the thermal
expansion of all the material in a particular
part or product has to be similar to avoid
stress build up

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Constrain factors: Marketability, disposability &
recyclability

When we are dealing with

consumer products, these
constrains can seriously limit
material choice like drink in cans
or glass bottles,
The materiali.e
formaterial
a particular
application
availability must
and its be available
cost.
in large quantities, and
satisfy all other required
conditions.

Consider a material that can be 15

 Constrain factors: Cost
It is the most important
constrain which is perhaps the
controlling factor in a given
material application problem
Total cost for a material or
product for a particular
application has two important
components
Material cost
Cost of processing to finished
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