LAN Design

Broadcast and Collision

Domains

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 LAN Design Goals
Critical to design is insuring a fast and
stable network that will scale well as the
organization grows
Design steps are...
1. Gather & establish design goals based on
user requirements
2. Determine data traffic patterns now & in the
future
3. Define Layer 1, 2, & 3 devices & the
LAN/WAN topologies
4. Document physical & logical network
implementation Home

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 Establish the Design Goals
Although organizations are unique to the
customer, the following requirements tend to
be generic to all. The network must have...
Functionality--speed and reliability
Scalability--ability to grow without major
changes
Adaptability--easily implements new
technologies
Manageability--facilitates monitoring and ease
of management
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 Critical Components of LAN Design

With the emergence of high-speed

technologies and complex LAN
technologies, the following critical
components need addressing in
design
Collision Detection
Micro segmentation
Bandwidth v. Broadcast domains
Function & placement of Servers Home

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 MAC Address
Contains 48-bit destination address
field.
Who is this frame for?
00-C0-F0-56-BD-97
D: It is for me

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 MAC Address

How will all

other NICs
handle the
frame?
Drop it out.

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 Special MAC Address
Who is this frame for?
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
Hey everybody

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 Broadcast MAC Address
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
48 bits, all 1s
All NICs copy the
frame & send it up
the stack

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 Broadcast Frames
Necessary for network function
Used for
finding services: Hey, is there a
server out there?
Advertising services: Hey, Im a
printer you can use.

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 Collision Domain
Network region in
which collisions
are propagated.
Repeaters and
hubs propagate
collisions.
Bridges, switches
and routers do
not.
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 Reducing Collisions
Collision frequency can be kept low
by breaking the network into
segments bounded by:
bridges
switches
routers

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 Broadcast Domain
Network region in
which broadcast
frames are
propagated.
Repeaters, hubs,
bridges, & switches
propagate broadcasts.
Routers dont (Stops
broadcasts). Home

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 Reducing Broadcasts
Broadcasts are necessary for network
function.
Some devices and protocols produce
lots of broadcasts.
Broadcast frequency can be kept
manageable by limiting the LAN size.
LANs can then be cross-connected by
routers to make a larger internetwork.
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 Shared Ethernet
A single segment that
is shared among all
connected NICs.
A single collision
domain.
The segment includes
repeaters and hubs.
Sometimes called a
single flat Ethernet.
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 Switched Ethernet
Consists of a several segments, each of which is shared by
NICs attached to it.
The network is segmented into several collision domains.
Bridges, switches, and routers create the segment and
collision domain boundaries.
Segments may contain hubs and repeaters.

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 Micro segmented Switched
Ethernet
Each user NIC is connected directly to a switch port.
Provides one switched segment to each connected
NIC.
No sharing.
No collisions.

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Identify the collision domains and
broadcast domains?

switch

hub hub

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Identify the collision domains and
broadcast domains?

hub

hub

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Identify the collision domains and
broadcast domains?

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Identify the collision domains and
the broadcast domains?

router

switch

Routers connect separate networks.

One broadcast domain per router
interface.
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 Intranets & Collisions
Intranets are internal to the organization and are not
accessible by the public over the Internet.
Intranet Servers provide access to only authorized users.
This has caused an increase in needed bandwidth.
Therefore, when designing a network you must address...
Server privileges
Providing desktops with faster connectivity
More processing power
10/100Mbps NICs to provide migration to switched
technologies
Collision detection and minimization has become a major
concern as users attempt to access the same server.
As weve seen, switches can provide dedicated
bandwidth to minimize or eliminate collisions.
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 Broadcasts & Segmentation
Layer 2 devices
segment collision
domains
Layer 3 devices
segment broadcast
domains

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 Bandwidth v. Broadcast
Domains
A bandwidth domain
is shared by all
devices on a single
switched port.
Synonymous with
collision domain
A broadcast domain
is shared by all
devices on a single
router interface. Home

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 Reminder

Collisions
spread throughout a LAN segment
spread across hubs & repeaters
are stopped by switches & bridges
Broadcasts
spread throughout an entire LAN
spread across hubs, switches, bridges
are stopped only by routers Home

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Summary

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