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TOPIC 6

Intervention in
Counseling
Storytelling Therapy &
Bibliocounseling/Bibliot
heraphy

EDU3073 Sem 7 2017 - Guidance and Counseling for Children


Types of Intervention: Storytelling
WHAT IS STORYTELLING
Storytelling Therapy
Therapy
THERAPY?
Storytelling Therapy is a medium of
communication between therapist and
client.

The therapist incorporates verbal and


non-verbal information provided by the
client into the formulation and delivery of
a story that affects therapeutic outcome.
Advantages of Storytelling Therapy
Defuse Fears:Tell a story that deals with a
fear your child is wrestling with. Is your child
afraid of thunderstorms? Tell a story about a
child or an animal who finds a safe, cozy place
to curl up during a storm.
Sometimes children need to see someone
else conquer a fear before they believe they
can overcome it.

Stimulate Your Child's


Imagination:storytelling is a great way to
Storytelling
METHODS? Therapy
Be Subtle:Make sure the story is about a
similar situation, but not the exact same
one.
Has this child just lost a parent? You
might want to use animals as characters
instead of people.

Be Creative:You need to tell the story in


such an enthusiastic and creative manner
that the child forgets he is dealing with
hurt and gets involved in the story itself.
If you tell the same story over and over,
M ethod
METHODS?
Be Positive:Always end the story
positively, with a happy ending where the
character finds solutions for the problems.

Invite the Child to Invent Stories:You


will gain a great deal of insight as to how
your child is coping if you listen to her
stories. By making up her own stories,
your child may process distressing events
even further, exploring emotions and
solutions as she spins tales. Listen
carefully and allow your child freedom to
Techniques of Storytelling Therapy
Mutual Storytelling Technique
The child tells a story with a beginning, middle and
an end.
The child invents the characters, the setting, the
themes and the plot of the stories.
The therapist listens to the story, choose one or two
important ideas from the original story and tells a
different story using the same setting and
characters.
The characters in therapists story should resolve
their differences in a more mature, adaptive way
than do the characters in the original story.
Techniques of Storytelling Therapy

Creative Characters Technique


The therapist establishes characters,
setting and some general themes at the
beginning of the story.
Each story contains significant characters
that represent the child and significant
others in the childs life.
The therapist takes on the active role of key
character to communicate to the child the
dynamics of each character.
Exercise
Expressive Therapy

Explain the important aspects to be


considered when implementing story
telling therapy.
(5 marks)
Types of Intervention: Bibliocounseling

Bibliotherapy is the use of books to


help children and teens heal social,
emotional, or personal problems.
Reading allows a reader to identify
with characters and problems in a
book and relate them to their own
lives.
Bibliotherapy

Hynes and Hynes-Berry define


bibliotherapy as the use of literature
to bring about a therapeutic
interaction between a participant and
facilitator.

Bibliotherapy means to engage with


clients using books to bring about
psychological healing.
Bibliocounseling/Bibliotherapy

Although bibliotherapy is the most


recognizable term for using books in this
way, several other names are also used.

A partial list includes biblio guidance,


reading therapy, literatherapy,
bibliocounseling, bibliopsychology,
bookmatching, and library therapeutics
(Pehrsson & McMillen, 2005)
Bibliocounseling
Bibliotherapy

Bibliotherapy is not new.


The application of literature and
books for therapeutic value has a rich
history that can be traced to ancient
Greeks.
Aristotle proposed the notion of
emotional catharsis through literature
(Pehrsson & McMillen, 2005)
Why Bibliocounseling?
A reader learns how others deal with
frustrations and disappointments, and
allows them to gain insight into
alternative solutions to their own
problems.
In essence, the aim of bibliotherapy is
to help children (clients) develop the
necessary skills to cope with their
developmental needs.
WWhy Bibliotherapy
hy Bibliocounseling?

Therapeutic use of books can


enhance a childs self-awareness,
promote clarification of values, and
assist in the development of
emphatic understanding.
Books promote self-discovery and
self-awareness and therefore can
help children learn about themselves.
WhyBibliotherapy
Bibliocounseling?

Throughout the ages, elders and


parents have employed literature to
guide their childrens decision
making and to strengthen their
character development and moral
reasoning.
WWhy Bibliotherapy
hy Bibliocounseling?

For children, both imaginative and


nonfiction stories increases
understanding of other cultures,
people, places, and times and
encourages flexibility and tolerance
of difference.
Why Bibliotherapy

Bibliotherapy offers a respite, because it


can provide a temporary escape from
lifes worries.
Literature puts forward advice and
recommendations for problem solving
and decision making
Books provide a safety net that helps
children communicate a bit more openly.
(Drewes, Bratton & Schaefer (2011). Integrative play therapy,
new Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. )
Why Bibliotherapy

Bibliotherapy might not be helpful with


children who have attention difficulties,
learning disabilities, or visual impairment, and
for those who have experienced academic
trauma or acquired reading phobias.
Although bibliotherapy may not work for
everyone, for various reasons, nevertheless
books are often very appropriate interventions
for many children.
(Drewes, Bratton & Schaefer (2011). Integrative play therapy, new
Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. )
GENERAL GUIDELINES BOOK
SELECTION

Good books for therapy are a lot like


good books in general
They engage, they excite, and we
relate to them and to their
characters
GENERAL GUIDELINES BOOK
SELECTION

First, the cultural, ethnic, and religious in


material must be inclusive, accurate, and
respectful
Second, factual material needs to be
correct and current, as when dealing with a
topic that pertains to health and history
Third, characters matter should be closely
related to the children. Stories should
include characters who provide
constructive solutions and instill hope.
GENERAL GUIDELINES BIBLIOTHERAPY
CAUTION

Bibliotherapy is not about reading or


teaching reading. It is about the use
of literature to create therapeutic
growth.
Types of Biblio Counseling

Developmental Biblio Counseling


Self-help Biblio Counseling
Informal Biblio Counseling
Developmental Biblio Counseling

Helps children understand problems,


perhaps before they arise in their
lives, using stories to acquaint them
with issues and solutions.
Self-help Biblio Counseling

There are many self-help books that


counselors can recommend to
students, parents or teachers on a
given topic that will allow them to
work through a problem and learn
new strategies at their own pace.
The Boy's Body Guide: A Health and Hygiene Book for
Boys 8 and Older
A Smart Girl's Guide to Money: How to Make It, Save It,
And Spend It
Informal Biblio Counseling

Allows school counselors or


librarians to suggest books relevant
to certain groups or individuals on
particular topics that may be helpful
for group discussions in processing
current events or problems as they
occur.
Autism: The Gift That Needs to Be Opened
Gaining: The Truth About Life After Eating Disorders
Bibliotherapy Interventions

It is important to note that biblio


counseling is not just reading the
book.
It is critical to facilitate discussion,
allowing the students to identify with
the characters and storyline, express
emotions and reactions and gain
insight that translates to their own
lives.
Types of Expressive Therapies: Inter
Therapy

Integrated arts approach or


intermodal (also known as
multimodal) therapy involves two or
more expressive therapies to foster
awareness, encourage emotional
growth, and enhance relationships
with others.
Bibliotherapy Interventions Play
Therapy + Bibliotherapy

Every child at play tells a story; children are


born storytellers. Telling stories is what they do.
Children sometimes express their stories
verbally, but more often they do so by their
interactions with objects and most specially
with their toys.
Children use their stories in play as metaphors
that represent their knowledge, ideas,
concerns, fears, and an array of mixed feelings.
(Drewes, Bratton & Schaefer (2011). Integrative play therapy, new
Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. )
Bibliotherapy Interventions

Play therapiests often select a book


and read to children or read with
then during a session.
But it is the processing of the
information and the facilitation of
disscussion of the material, the story,
or the characters that helps clients
learn more about
(Drewes, Bratton &themselves and play
Schaefer (2011). Integrative
their life circumtances.
therapy, new Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. )
Bibliotherapy Interventions

Processing material can occur


through discussion, but for children it
is usually discussion accompanied
by playing drama, sandwork, or art
that is most benefical and that
creates therapeutic movement and
healing.
CASE STUDY 1

Gigi had been referred to a play


therapist by the country court
system. Because of accusations of
alleged sexual abuse, the court had
mandated the visitations with her
father were to be supervised.
Although her physical safety was an
issue, Gigis severe anxiety, night
terrors, and
(Drewes, Bratton hypervigilant
& Schaefer behaviours
(2011). Integrative play therapy, new
were of primary concern to the
Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. )
CASE STUDY 1

Gigi would start her session by reading a book,


Go Away, Big Green Monster!
After reading the book, she reached up the toy
shelf and grabbed a puppet that she had
previously named the scary guy.
She threw the scary guy into the sandbox. Next
she reached for the lid and covered the
sandbox. She placed 2 heavy blocks on the lid
and then turned and sat on top of it.
Gigi took a deep breath and said, Now we are
finally safe.
CASE STUDY 2

Joshua was referred to counseling


because of nightmares and severe
symptoms of anxiety that developed
6 months after his brothers death
from drowning.
The book, Goodbye Rune (Kaldhol,
1987), provide the mechanism to
introduce a more direct discussion
(Drewes, Bratton & Schaefer (2011). Integrative play therapy, new
about his own feelings. Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. )
CASE STUDY 2

After reading the story to Josh, the


therapist asked Josh if he wanted to
talk about the story or draw a
picture.
Josh chose to draw, and then the
therapist discussed the picture and
related it to the story and to Joshs
life; the picture provided an
additional container, a safe one for
discussing Joshs concerns.
Bibliotherapy in school
Expressive Therapysetting

For those who practice within school


settings, books, may be included that
help with academic success, problem
solving, friendship and social skill
development, and anxiety and
phobias.
Conclusion
Expressive Therapy

Bibliotherapy is largely a receptive


avenue for learning about problems
and solutions, and identifying with
the feelings of others.
In play therapy, children can express
their feelings in symbols, analogies,
and methapors and through actions
work to solve their own problems.
Tutorial
Expressive Therapy

Discuss the important elements that


a guidance teacher has to consider if
the teacher wants to conduct story
telling therapy in a counselling
session.
(10 marks)
The appropriate title of the story
The content of the story should be interesting
The message to be conveyed
The main character in the story
Identify main events in the story
How does this story unfold across time?
The correlation of character in the event of the
story
The words used should be in accordance with
the students experience.

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