Chemistry

form 4- chapter 8

salt

Pn Khoo Sioh Gee

 SOLUBILITY OF SALT IN WATER

Type of Salt Solubility in Water

Sodium Salt
Potassium Salt All Soluble
Ammonium Salt
Nitrate Salt All Soluble
Chloride Salt All soluble except Lead(II) chloride, Silver Chloride, and
Mercury(I) chloride.
(Lead(II) Chloride soluble in hot water but in cold water.)
Sulphate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) sulphate and Barium sulphate, while
Calcium sulphate is soluble partially.
Carbonate Salt All insoluble except Sodium Carbonate, Potassium carbonate,
and Ammonium Carbonate.
Oxide All insoluble except Potassium oxide and Sodium oxide, while
Calcium oxide soluble a little.
Hydroxide All insoluble except Potassium hydroxide, and Sodium
hydroxide while Calcium hydroxide soluble a little.
Cation Nitrate, NO3- Chloride, Cl- Sulphate, SO42- Carbonate, CO32-
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Al3+
Zn2+
Fe2+
Sn2+
Pb2+
Cu2+
Ag+
NH4+
Test for Cation : With NaOH solution
NaOH(aq) solution

Cation

Some NaOH(aq)

No precipitate With precipitate

White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate

Precipitate

Heat

Concentrated Green Brown Blue

HCL Drops Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Insoluble Precipitate Soluble and Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+

Colourless Precipitate

NH4+

Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+ Insoluble Precipitate

Test for Cation: With Ammonia Solution
NH3(aq) Solution

Cation

Some NH3(aq)

No Precipitate Precipitate

White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate

Precipitate

NH4+, Ca2+
Green Brown Blue
Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+

Insoluble Precipitate Soluble and Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+

Colourless Precipitate

Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+ Insoluble Soluble

Precipitate Precipitate
Test for Anion

Test for Anion Anion X

1. Add in dilute 1. Add in dilute 1. Add in FeSO4 1. Add in dilute

Nitric acid. HCL until 2. A few drops of HCl
2. Add in Argentum excess. concentrated 2. Produced gas
nitrrate. 2. Add in H2SO4 is being
BaCl2 transferred to
lime water.

White precipitate White precipitate Brown ring

soluble in excess Is formed. Lime
Ammonia. Water turns
Milky/cloudy
/chalky.
Cl- ion present SO42- ion NO3- ion present.
CO32- ion present.
present
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