Drip

irrigation
Presented By :

Abdul karim jaelani

Rizhani nugroho nuswantoro

Inayatul hamidah el fuad

Topics to be covered :
Introduction
Need of drip irrigation
Components of drip irrigation
Advantages of drip irrigation and
Weakness of drip irrigation
Comparation
Applications
Conclusion
Reference
Introduction :
Also known as trickle irrigation or micro
irrigation
To apply sufficient moisture to the root of the
crops- prevent water stress
A major difference between drip system and
most other systems is that the balance between
crop evapotranspiration and applied water
Metod of drip irrigation

Drip irrigation
Subsurface irrigation
Bubbler irrigation
Spray irrigation
 h a ts th e
W
d o f it ??
nee
Need of drip irrigation :
To use water efficiently
No water to runoff or evaporation.
It reduces water contact with crop
leaves, stems, and fruits.
Agricultural chemicals can be applied
more efficiently

Components of drip irrigation

Components of drip irrigation
Sumber air
Sumber
Control head
air

Lateral

Manifold

valve

Main line
The main components of a typical drip irrigation system are:
Water Source
Pumping system
Distribution system
Drip tape (drip tube)
Injectors
Flitration system
Water source:
Common water sources for drip irrigation
are surface water ,groundwater, and
potable water .
Use the water source that will provide the
largest amount of water of greatest quality
and lowest cost.
Pumping system:
The role of the pumping system is to
move water from the water source to
the field through the distribution
system.
Pumping systems may be classified
as electric powered systems,
gas/diesel powered systems, and
gravity systems.
Distribution system:
The role of the distribution system is to
convey the water from the source to the field.
Distribution systems may be above ground
or underground .
Pipes are most commonly made of PVC or
polyethylene plastics.
Aluminum pipes are also available, but are
more difficult to customize, cut, and repair.
Drip tape:
The drip-irrigation system delivers water to each plant
through a thin polyethylene tape (or tube) with regularly
spaced small holes .
Selection of drip tape should be based on emitter
spacing and flow rate.
In the field, drip-irrigation tape should be installed with
emitters upward (looking up) to prevent clogging .
Injectors:
Injectors allow the introduction of fertilizer, chemicals and
maintenance products into the irrigation system.
The most common injectors used with small drip-irrigation
systems are the Venturi (or Mazzei) injector and the
Dosatron.
Because Venturi injectors involve no moving parts and are Venturi injectors
less expensive, they are commonly used on small farms.

Dosatron injector
Filtration system:
The filtration system removes "large" solid particles in
suspension in the water.
Usage of type of filter is based on the type of particles in
the water.
Rapid clogging may occur when no filter is used .
A drip-irrigation system should never be operated Media filters
without a filter even if the filter requires clogged drip-tape
emitters, often resulting in poor uniformity and sometimes
in crop loss

Sand filter
Advantages of
drip irrigation
And
Weakness of
drip irrigation
Advantages:
Reduced water use
Joint management of irrigation and fertilization
Reduced pest problems
Simplicity
Production advantages
Weakness:
High cost : drip irrigation systems are
expensive because of there requirements of
large quantity of piping & filtration equipment
to clean the water.
Expense: Initial cost can be more than
overhead systems.
Waste:The sun can affect the tubes used for
drip irrigation, shortening their usable life.
Longevity is variable.
Clogging:If the water is not properly filtered
and the equipment not properly maintained, it
can result in clogging.
Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after
harvest. You'll need to plan for drip tape winding,
disposal, recycling or reuse.
 Drip method Flood method
High, Less. High rates of
Water saving between 40 and 100 % evaporation, surface run
off and percolation

Irrigation efficiency 80 90 % 30 - 50 %

Weed problem Almost nil High

Even saline water can Only normal water can

Suitable water
be used be used

Diseases and pests Relatively less High

Very high since supply Heavy losses due to

Efficiency of fertilizer
use is regulated leaching
 Drip method Flood method

Water logging Nil High

Water control Can be regulated

Not much control
easily

Cost benefit ratio Excluding water

(additional amount in savings: 1.3 - 13.3,
Between 1.8 and 3.9
rupees for every rupee Including water
invested) savings: 2.8 - 30.0

depending
Capital cost/ha Rs 15,000 to 40, 000 on crop spacing

20 - 100 % higher than

Yield increase Less compared to drip
flood method
Comparison
dripp and sprinkler irrigation
Compared to a sprinkler or sprinkler park spray system needs a
lot of water. It takes as much as 400 gallons of water per hour,
while the soil is not given time to absorb water. The result of
water escaped on the surface resulted in erosion. While with
water drip irrigation can be saved up to 50%. Drip irrigation
does not waste water, does not cause erosion and a little water
evaporates. Water has the time to absorb inwardly and capillally
throughout the root area
Applications:
Drip irrigation is used by farms,
commercial green houses and
residential green houses . Drip irrigation in roof
Drip irrigation in crop gardens
production
For cultivation in roof gardens.
In shopping malls and
embankments.

In steep slopes

Drip irrigation in embakments

Drip irrigation in step
slopes
Discharge of Drippers
q= khx
In which,
q = Discharge of the dripper, volume/time
P= operating pressure, force/area
X= constants for specified emitters
Irrigation water requirement

Vm = K c x K p x C c x E p x A
In which
Vm = Monthly Irrigation water requirement,
Kc = Crop co efficient
Cc = Canopy factor
Kp= Pan evaporation factor (0.8)
Ep = Normal monthly evaporation
A = Area to be irrigated, m2
Capacity of drip irrigation
system
Numbers of Laterals required:
For vegetable crops 1 lateral for each slop.
For orchards 1 to 2 /each row

Number of drippers per plant:

(% total area shaded by the tree x area per tree) /
(effective area wetted by a single emitter).
 Area irrigated by a dripper :

Ai = (L x S x P) / (100 x Ne )
Ai = Area irrigated, m2
L = Spacing between adjacent plant rows, m
S = Spacing between emission points, m
P = % of cropped area to be irrigated
Ne = Numbers of drippers at each emission point
Case studies -1:
The first formal development of drip

irrigation supplies began around 1866 in

Afghanistan, where they tested drip irrigation
and drainage systems by using various types
of clay pipe. A researcher , Mr. E.B. House,
began applying subsurface water directly to
the root zone in 1913. Perforated Pipe was first
used for irrigation in Germany around 1920. Clay
This helped pave the way for innovations in the pipe
manufacturing of drip irrigation system
Case studies -2 :
IRRIGATION DRIIP SYSTEM CONTROLLED IN PLANTS TOBACCO
Case studies - 3:
The study has been carried out in Maharashtra state, which is located in
western part of India. Maharashtra is one of the water scarce states in India. Despite severe water
scarcity, water intensive crops such as sugarcane, banana and other corps have been extensively
cultivated using surface (flood) method of irrigation in the state. Studies have confirmed that sugarcane
not only consumes bulk of the available water. Due to this, there is an urgent need to increase
the efficienct use of water in the state. State government has been promoting drip irrigation by
providing subsidy to the farmers since the mid-eighties. Due to concerted efforts taken by the
government agencies , the area under drip irrigation increased from 236 hectares in 198687 to 3.18
lakh hectares in 2004-05 The state also has a distinction in accounting for the highest area under
drip method of irrigation.
Case studies - 4:
Fruit plants in pots (tabulampot)

https://warasfarm.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/irigasi-
tetes-2.jpg
Conclusion:
It makes water use optimised.
It decreases percolation and runoff of water
It doesnt allow the growth or spread of disease causing
bacteria.
If this system is properly installed and maintained then

it yields good results . .

Reference:
Modi.P.N (2008), Irrigation Water Resources and Water Power Engineering,
Standard Book House, Rajsons Publications Pvt.Ltd,1705-A, Nai Sarak, New Delhi-110 0064
http://www.toenre.com/downloads/2012_Micro-Irrigation_Economics_and_Outreach_in
_Karnataka_MGC_MacMillan_publishers.pdf

http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684e/s8684e08.htm#TopOfPage
http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-use/hardware/
optimisation-water-use-agriculture/drip-irrigation
http://civilenggseminar.blogspot.in/2011/09/1-introduction-1.html