DESIGN OF RCC CHIMNEY

PROJECT GUIDE
Dr.A.LEEMA ROSE M.E ,PhD

Project Members,
M.GOPI
B.KANDAVEL
R.MANI MARAN
 INTRODUCTION

Achimneyis a structure for venting hotflue

gasesorsmokefromboiler,stove,furnaceor
fireplaceto the outsideatmosphere. Chimneys are
typicallyvertical,orasnearaspossibletovertical,to
ensurethatthegasesflowsmoothly,drawingairinto
the combustionin what is known as thestack, or
chimneyeffect.Thespaceinsideachimneyiscalled
aflue. Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam
locomotives,shipsandindustries.
TYPES OF CHIMNEYS

Brickchimney

RCCchimney

Steelchimney
 BRICK CHIMNEY

BrickChimneysareconstructedwithBrick&
Mortar,withsomeadditive.Beingthebestinthe
industryforlongtime,ithasmany
disadvantagesoverourpre-castChimneys.
STEEL CHIMNEY

SteelChimneysareconstructedwithsteelplates
convertedtoRollsorPipes,withStaywire,etc.
 RCC CHIMNEY

RCCConcreteChimneysareconstructedlikea
Concretebuilding-Steel/IronRods&Cement
Mortar.DuetovaryingatmosphereandAir
Moisture,thesechimneysgetcracksand
damagesveryeasily.Recoveringthesechimneys
isveryexpensive.BecauseofrichIronrods
insidethewall(CondenseWaterformation
affectedtheSteelinsidethewall).
 SPECIFICATIONS OF RCC
CHIMNEY
A reinforced concrete chimney is generally
circularinshapewitharigidconcreteshellcast
witharichconcretemixofM-20toM-25grade
and provided with longitudinal vertical
reinforcement and horizontal hoop
reinforcement.Afirebricklining100to150mm
thick is provided inside the concrete shell with
an air gap of 80 to 150mm thick to reduce the
temperaturegradientfromtheinteriorsurfaceof
fire brick lining to the exterior surface of the
concreteshell.
 DESIGN FACTORS
Reinforcedconcretechimneysaredesignedto
withstandthestressesdevelopeddueto
followingfactors,

Selfweightofchimney
Windpressure
`Temperaturestresses
 SHAPE FACTOR
Ratio of height to base 0-4 4-8 8 or over
width

Crosssectionalshapeof Shapefactor
chimney

Circular 0.7 0.7 0.7

Octagonal 0.8 0.9 1.0

Square(windperpendicular 0.8 0.9 1.0

todiagonal)

Square(windperpendicular 1.0 1.15 1.3

toface)
 DESIGN OF RCC CHIMNEY

A concrete chimney of height 80m with external diameter of the shaft

being 4m at top and 5m at bottom is required in a place where the
wind intensity is 1.5KN/m2.Thickness of fire brick lining
=10cm.Temperature difference between the inside and outside of shaft
=750C.permissible bearing pressure on soil at site=150KN/m2.
Adopt M25grade concrete mix and steel Fe415 and design the following,
Base section of chimney
Foundation for the chimney
SOLUTION:
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES:
cbc=8.5N/mm2
st=230N/mm2
m=11
 LOAD:

Weightofchimney=(4.20.3)8024=7600KN
Weightoffirebricklining(10cmthick)=(3.80.1)8020
=1920KN
Totalwindloadabovebase=[(0.71.5(4+5)/280)]
=375KN
Actingataheightof40mabovebase,
Totaldeadloadabovebase(W)=(7600+1920)=9520KN
Bendingmomentatbaseduetowindload,
(M)=(37540)=15000KN.m
Eccentricity(e)=(M/W)=(15000/9520)
=1.575m.
REINFORCEMENTS:

Providingreinforcementof1%ofthecrosssectionalarea,
Ast(r)=0.01(4600400)
=57805mm2
Using25mmdiameterbars,
Ast(p)=(252/4)=491mm2
Numberofbars=(57805/491)
=120

Provide120barsof25mmdiameterbars
Ast(p)=((252/4)/120)1000
=58800mm2
ts=(Ast(p)/dm)
=(58800/(4600))
`=4mm
 ANALYSIS OF STRESSES AT BASE SECTION:

e=R[(tc-ts)((sin2/4)+((-4)/2))+(mts)/2]
[(tc-ts){sin+(-)cos}+m.ts.cos]
Where,
e=1575mm,
ts=4mm,
tc=400mm,
R=2300mm,
=anglesubtendedbytheneutralaxisatthecentre.
Assumeduntilthevalueofcalculatedeccentricitycoincideswithactual
valuee=1575mm.
TRIAL 1:

Assume=700
e=[(400-4)((sin1400/4)+(-700)/2)+(114)/2]
[(400-4)((sin600+(-700)cos700)+114cos700]
e=1742mm>1575mm.
Hencereducethevalueof.
TRIAL 2:
Assume=600
e=[(400-4)((sin1200/4)+(-1.047)/2)+(114)/2]
[(400-4)((sin600+(-1.047)cos600)+114cos600]
e=1586mm=1575mm.
Hencethevalueofangle=600
Usingthevalueofinloadequation,
W=[2Rc/(1+cos)][(ts-tc){sin+(-)cos}+mtscos]
9520103=[22300c/(1+cos600]
[(400-4){sin60+(-1.047)cos600}
+114cos600]
Stressesinconcrete,
c=3.75N/mm2<8.5N/mm2
Stressesinsteel,
s=m.c[R(1-cos)/R(1+cos)]
=113.75[(1-cos600)/(1+cos600)]
=13.75N/mm2<230N/mm2
Thestressesinconcreteandsteelarewithinsafepermissiblelimits.
DESIGN OF HOOP REINFORCEMENT:
Shearatthebaseofchimney=375KN
Meandiameteratbase=4600mm
Using10mmdiameterhoopsat200mmcenters
At=((102/4)/200)1000=79mm2

Stressesinsteel(s)=(HS/(1.6Atd)
=(375103200/(1.6794600))
=129N/mm2<230N/mm2
Hencestressesarewithinpermissiblelimits.
TEMPERATURE STRESSES (COMBINED EFFECT OF WIND
LOADS, SELF WEIGHT &TEMPERATURE):
compression zone (leeward side):
Providinganeffectivecoverof50mmtosteel
tc=400mm
ts=4mm
atc=350mm
a=0.875
p=(ts//tc)=(4/400)
=0.01
T=750
=1110-6/0C
m=11
Ec=(Es/m)
=(210103/11)
c=3.75N/mm2

c[1+(m-1)p]=EcaT
[(k'/2)-mp((a-k')/k')](1+((a-k')/k'))

(2101030.8757511
3.75(1+100.01)=10-6/11)
0.5k'-(110.01(0.875-k')/k')[1+((0.875-k')/k'))]

k'=0.70

c'=[EcaT]
[1+(a-k')/k']
=(2101030.875751110-6/11)
(1+(0.875-0.70)/0.7)
=11N/mm2

ThepermissiblecompressivestressforM25gradeconcretewhenwind
loadsalsoconsideredis(1.338.5)=11.33N/mm2.

Stressesinsteel(s)=mc'(a-k')/k'
=(1111(0.875-0.7)/0.7)
=30.25N/mm2<230N/mm2
 Tension zone (wind ward side):
ps=TEck'
[pm((a-k')/k')-0.5k']

0.0113.73=[1110-675210103k'/11]
[0.0111((0.875-k')/k')-0.5k']

k'=0.55

c=TEck'

c=(1110-6752101030.55/11)

=8.66N/mm2<11.33N/mm2
Stressesinsteel(s)=mc'(a-k')/k'
=118.66(0.875-0.55)/0.55
=56.28N/mm2<230N/mm2
 Stresses at neutral axis:

k=-mp+(2mpa+p2m2)
p=0.01
m=11
a=0.875
k=-110.01(2110.010.875+0.012112)=0.342
Stressesinconcrete,ct=EckT
ct=(2101031110-60.34275)
=5.386n/mm2<11.33N/mm2
Stressesinsteel=EsT(a-k)
=(2101031110-675)(0.875-0.342)
=92.34N/mm2<230N/mm2
Hencestressesarewithinpermissiblelimits.
STRESSES IN HOOP STEEL DUE TO TEMPERATURE:

Hoopsteelof10mmdiameterat200mmcentersprovidedatbasesection.

%p=(As/(s.tc))=(79/(200400))
=0.00098
a=0.875
m=11

k'=(2pma+p2m2)-pm
=(20.00098110.875+0.000982112)-(0.0009811)
=0.127

s'=mc'(a-k')/k'
=11c'(0.875-0.127)/0.127
=60.45c'

(s'+mc')=(EsT.a)
(60.45c'+11c')=(2101031110-6750.875)
c'=2.12N/mm2
s'=128.25N/mm2

Totalstressinhoopsteel=(stressduetoshear)+(stressdueto
Temperaturedifference)
=(129+128.15)
=257.25N/mm2>230N/mm2
Hencethespacingofthehoopreinforcementcanbereducedto150mminsteadof
200mmcenters.

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:

AcircularR.Cslabfoundationisdesignedforthechimney.
Totalverticalloadonbase=9520KN
Bendingmoment=15000KN.m
Allowablebearingpressure=150KN/m 2
Selfweightoffooting(assumedat10%)=950KN
Totalloadonsoil=(9520+950)=10470KN

 IfD-diameterofthecircularfootingfortensiontodevelop,

`(W/A)=(M/Z)
10470/(D2/4))=(15000/(D3/32))
D=11.4m

Theloadingonthebaseistakenasannularloadingonthemeandiameter.The
bendingmomentsinthebaseobtainedbysuperimposingthetwotypesof
loadingasshowninfig.

Intensityofsoilpressure(w)=(10470/(11.42/4))
=103KN/m2

2a=11.4m
2b=4.6m

Maximumbendingmomentinthesectionisgovernedbytheradialmoment.

 Mt=bendingmomentatcenteroffooting

=(W/8)[2loge(a/b)+1-(b/a)2]-(3wa2/16)
=(10470/8)[2loge(5.7/2.3)+1-(2.3/5.7)2]-(31035.72)
=476.28KN.m/m

Mr(max)=momentatjunctionoffootingandchimneywallsata
Radiusof2.3m

=(W/8)[2loge(a/b)+1-(b/a)2]-(3103(5.72-2.32)
=(10470/8)[2loge(5.7/2.3)+1-(2.3/5.4)2]
-(3103(5.72-2.32)
=578.38KN.m/m

Designultimatemoment(Mu)=(1.5578.38)
=868KN.m
UsingM-20gradeconcreteandFe-415HYSDbars,

Effectivedepth(d)=(Mu/(0.138fckb))
=(868106/(0.138201000))
=561mm

Sincemomentislarge,adoptlargerdepthoffootingtoreducethequantity
ofreinforcements.

Adopt,
Effectivedepth(d)=700mm
Overalldepth(D)=800mm
UsingdesignchartofSP:16,
(Mu/bd2)=(868106)/(10007002)
=1.77
Refertable-2SP:16andfindoutthepercentageofreinforcementsas,
%p=(100Ast/bd)=0.555
Ast(r)=(0.5551000700/100)
=3885mm2
Provide28mmdiameterat150mmc/c,
Ast(p)=((282/4)/150)1000
=4105mm2
Providingareaofsteelreinforcementis4105mm2inperpendicular
directionsbothwaysasshowninfig.Alsoprovide12mmdiameterbars
bothwaysattopofthefooting.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Intensityofsoilpressure(p)=103KN/m2
Ultimatesoilpressure(pu)=(1.5103)
=154.5KN/m2
Cantileverprojection=[(0.511.4)-2.5]
=3.2m
Maximumshearforceatadistancedfromthesupportisgivenby,
Vu=[154.5(3.2-0.7)]
=386.25KN
v=(Vu/bd)
=(386.25103/(1000700)
=0.5N/mm2

%p=(100Ast/bd)=(1004105/(1000700))
=0.586
Refertable19ofIS:456-2000andfindoutthepermissibleshearstress,

kc=(10.52)=0.52N/mm2

Hencev<k.ctheslabissafeagainstshearfailure.
 CONCLUSION

Someveryhighchimneysareusedforcarryingantennasofmobile
phoneservicesandlowpowerFM/TV-transmitters.
Specialattentionmustbepaidtopossiblecorrosionproblemsifthese
antennasareneartheexhaustofthechimney.
SothatthedesignofR.C.Cchimneysisstablewhencomparedtoother
typeofchimneys.
 REFERENCE

AdvancedReinforcedConcreteDesign

byN.Krishnaraju,
CBSPublishersandDistributors1988