Scatter Diagram

Presented by -:
Tejashree desai- 12
Sweta gala- 14
Mansi patel- 38
Jignesh rathod- 45
What it is ?
 A scatter diagram is a tool for analyzing relationships
between two variables. One variable is plotted on the
horizontal axis and the other is plotted on the vertical
axis.
 The pattern of their intersecting points can graphically
show relationship patterns.
 Most often a scatter diagram is used to prove or disprove
cause-and-effect relationships. While the diagram shows
relationships, it does not by itself prove that one variable
causes the other.
 In addition to showing possible cause and effect
relationships, a scatter diagram can show that two
variables are from a common cause that is unknown or that
one variable can be used as a surrogate for the other.
When to use it ?
 Usea scatter diagram to examine theories
about cause-and-effect relationships and to
search for root causes of an identified
problem.

 Usea scatter diagram to design a control

system to ensure that gains from quality
improvement efforts are maintained.
How to use it ?
 Collect data. Gather 50 to 100 paired samples of data
that show a possible relationship.
 Draw the diagram. Draw roughly equal horizontal
and vertical axes of the diagram, creating a square
plotting area.
 Label the axes in convenient multiples (1, 2, 5, etc.)
increasing on the horizontal axes from left to right and
on the vertical axis from bottom to top. Label both
axes.
 Plot the paired data. Plot the data on the chart, using
concentric circles to indicate repeated data points.
Scatter Diagrams

A Scatter Diagram is a graph of unconnected points

When drawing graphs, we must remember to do the

following things:
1. Always give the graph a title
2. Always label both axis, including correct units
3. Choose a sensible scale
4. Plot your points carefully (x first, y second)
Scatter Diagram

Interpreting Them
 Interpret the data : Scatter diagrams will generally
show one of six possible correlations between the
variables:
 Strong Positive Correlation The value of Y clearly
increases as the value of X increases.
 Strong Negative Correlation The value of Y clearly
decreases as the value of X increases.
 Weak Positive Correlation The value of Y increases
slightly as the value of X increases.
 Weak Negative Correlation The value of Y decreases
slightly as the value of X increases.
 Complex Correlation The value of Y seems to be
related to the value of X, but the relationship is not
easily determined.
 No Correlation There is no demonstrated connection
between the two variables.
Here is a table showing the results of two examinations set to
students that I teach. I set them a maths exam and an English exam
and record the scores that they get in both:
Joh Bett Sara Pete Fion Charli Gerr Martin Rache
Tim
n y h r a e y e l
Maths
72 65 80 36 50 21 79 64 44 55
score
English
78 70 81 31 55 29 74 64 47 53
score
We take a piece of graph paper and draw two axes. The horizontal axis will
represent the score on the English exam. The vertical axis will represent
the score on the Maths exam. For each student, we then mark a small dot
at the co-ordinates representing their two scores.
The fact that the points lie close to the straight line is called a strong
correlation. The fact that this line points upwards to right - indicating that the
English mark tends to increase as the maths mark increases - is called a positive
correlation.
 Conclusion:
A scatter diagram is a tool for analyzing relationships
between two variables.

Most often a scatter diagram is used to prove or disprove

cause-and-effect relationships.

Scatter diagram cannot determine the cause of such a relationship,

it can show whether or not such a relationship exists, and if so, just
how strong it is.

The analysis produced by the scatter diagram is called regression

analysis.

It is also used to search for root cause of an indentified problem.

Thank you
Scatter Diagram
Presented by -:
Tejashree desai- 12
Sweta gala- 14
Mansi patel- 38
Jignesh rathod- 45