AIRPORT

It is an area of land which is to be regularly

used for landing and take off of aircrafts.

Provided with facilities for shelter and repair

of aircrafts in addition to other normal facilities
for passengers and cargo
 Organization of Air Transport

International Air Transport Association(IATA)

Airports Council International (ACI)
International Civil Airports Association (ICAA)

The main objective is to assist airline companies to

achieve lawful competition and uniformity in prices.
#
Source: http://www.grc.nasa.gov
 COMPONENT PARTS OF AN
AEROPLANE
Engine
Propeller
Fuselage
Wings
Three controls
Flaps
Tricycle under-carriage
 ENGINE
Main purpose is to provide a force
for propelling the aircraft through
the air.
According to their propulsion
classified as
Piston
Turbo jet
Turbo fan
Ram jet
Rocket

Engine on the wing of an Airbus

A380
 PROPELLER
Provided in conventional piston
engine aircrafts as well as in turbo
prop engines.
When engine and propeller are in
front
Tractor type
Behind the wing
Pusher type
 FUSELAGE
Forms main body of aircraft and provides
space for
Power plant
Fuel
Cock pit
Passengers
Cargo etc
 WINGS
Support the machine in the air when the
engine has given the necessary forward
speed
 THREE CONTROLS
Three axes about which an aircraft in
space may move
About X axis-Lateral or rolling movement
About Y axis-Pitching
About Z axis- yawing
To control these movements aeroplane is
provided with three controls
Elevator, Rudder and Aileron
Operated by Pilot in the cabin
 ELEVATOR
Consists of two flaps capable of moving
up and down through an angle of 50-60 0
Controls up and down movement
When elevator flap is raised there is
increase in air pressure causing the tail to
go down and nose to point up
When elevator in neutral position-air
pressure equal at top and bottom of flaps
and aircraft flies along normal line of flight.
 RUDDER
RUDDER -Used for turning movement
If pilot desires to point the nose to the
right, he moves the rudder to the right of
the vertical axis
 AILERON
Enable the pilot to balance the aeroplane

helps to to tilt the machine purposely when

describing a circle.
 FLAP

For increasing the lift on aerofoils

Similar to ailerons
Can be operated by pilot from his cabin.
TRICYCLE UNDER-CARRIAGE
A structure to support the aircraft while it is
in contact with the ground.
Functions
Absorbs landing shocks
enable the aircraft to manoeuvre
on ground
 LAYOUT OF AN AIRPORT

 RUNWAY
A long narrow strip which is normally paved,

on which aircraft can take off and land

 Taxiway
A path over which the aeroplane may taxi to and
from the runway and loading apron
 APRON
A defined area which is used to accommodate aircrafts for
loading and unloading of passengers and cargo, parking
,refilling etc
 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS
Type of propulsions
Size of aircraft
Minimum turning radius
Minimum circling radius
Speed of aircraft
Capacity of aircraft
Aircraft weight and wheel configuration
Jet Blast
Fuel spillage
Noise
 TYPE OF PROPULSIONS

Size of aircraft, circling radius, speed

characteristics, weight carrying capacity
etc depends on the type of propulsions.

The performance characteristics of aircraft

also depend on the type of propulsions.
 SIZE OF AIRCRAFT

Involves
the following dimensions
Wing span
Fuselage length
Height
Distance between main gears(gear tread)
Wheel base
Tail width
 Wing span
Decides the width of taxiway,
separation clearance between two parallel traffic
ways , size of aprons and hangars,
width of hangar gate etc

Length of aircraft decides widening of taxiways on

curves, width of exit taxiways, size of aprons and
hangars

Height of aircraft decides height of hangar gate.

Wheel base Main Gear

Side view
 PLAN

Tail Width
 Wheel tread (Wing span)
( Wing span

FRONT VIEW
measured in a straight line, from
wingtip to wingtip,
independently of wing shape
 TURNING RADIUS OF AIRCRAFT

Is necessary to decide
The radius of taxiway,
The position of aircraft in loading aprons
and hangars
and to establish the path of aircraft
movements
TURNING RADIUS OF AIRCRAFT
Minimum turning Radius
 MINIMUM CIRCLING RADIUS
Minimum radius with which the aircraft can take
safe turn in space
Depends on
Type of aircraft
Air traffic volume
Weather conditions
Recommended radius- Small aircraft under VFR
conditions-1.6 Km
Jet aircrafts under IFR -80 Km and Piston engine
aircrafts under IFR conditions-13 Km
 SPEED OF AIRCRAFT
Can be defined in two ways
Cruising speed/ Ground speed Speed
with respect to the ground when aircraft is
flying in air with maximum speed.
Air speed Speed relative to the wind
 CAPACITY OF AIRCRAFT
Space inside the aircraft for passengers,
baggage ,cargo and fuel
AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND WHEEL
CONFIGURATION
Empty operating weight-
weight of aircraft and flying personnel just
before take off. ( does not include weight
of passengers, baggage and fuel. ( 45% of
gross wt for jet aircrafts)
 AIRCRAFT WEIGHT
Pay Load includes loads which produce
revenue ( passenger, baggage, fuel)
( 14%- 21% of maximum gross takeoff
weight)
Zero fuel weight- That limit of weight above
which all additional weight must be in fuel
so that when aircraft rises above ground,
the moments at junctions of wings and
fuselage do not become excessive.
As a flight progresses and fuel is consumed, the total weight of
the airplane reduces, but the Zero Fuel Weight remains constant
 AIRCRAFT WEIGHT
Max Take off Weight
Max Landing Weight
Max Struct. Weight
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight
The maximum weight of an aircraft prior to fuel being
loaded.
 JET BLAST
Aircrafts eject hot exhaust gases at relatively high
velocities.
Jet blast can be a hazard to people or other
unsecured objects behind the aircraft, and is
capable of flattening buildings and destroying
vehicles.
FUEL SPILLAGE
Spillage of fuel and lubricants in loading
aprons and hangars.
 HANGAR
A hangar is an enclosed structure
designed to hold aircraft in protective
storage
 Visual flight rules (VFR)
Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of
aviation regulations under which a pilot
may operate an aircraft in weather
conditions sufficient to allow the pilot, by
visual reference to the environment
outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's
altitude, navigate, and maintain safe
separation from obstacles such as terrain,
buildings, and other aircraft.
 Instrument Flight Rules

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) are a set of

regulations and procedures for flying aircraft
whereby navigation and obstacle clearance
is maintained with reference to aircraft
instruments only and separation from other
aircraft is provided by Air Traffic Control.
The primary benefit of these regulations
allow an aircraft to safely fly through clouds,
which is not permitted under VFR.
 AIRPORT SITE SLECTION
Regional Plan
Airport Use
Proximity to other airports
Ground Accessibility
Topography
Obstructions
Visibility
Wind
 AIRPORT SITE SLECTION
Noise nuisance
Grading, Drainage, Soil Characteristics
Future Development
Availabilities of utilities from town
Economic Considerations
 Gate

A Gate in aviation is a
section at an airport
terminal for
transferring
passengers and
airline crews to an
aircraft
 HANGAR
A hangar is an enclosed structure designed to
hold aircraft in protective storage. Most modern
hangars are built of metal, but wood and
concrete are other materials commonly used.

Hangars protect aircraft from

weather and ultraviolet light.
Hangars may be used as an
enclosed repair shop or, in
some cases, an assembly area
 Airport terminal

An airport terminal is a building at an airport where

passengers transfer between ground transportation and the
facilities that allow them to board and disembark from
airplanes.