Determination of Soil

Stiffness Parameters

Slide dari: Stein Sture

Professor of Civil Engineering
University of Colorado at Boulder
 Contents

General concepts and stiffness of sand

Hookes law
E-moduli from triaxial testing
E-moduli from oedometer testing
Examples on the estimation of E

Stiffness of clays
Undrained clay behavior
Drained clay behavior
Examples on the estimation of E

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Idealized and real stress-strain
behavior of soils

Idealizedtypesofstressstrainbehaviors:(a)nonlinearelastic
Model,(b)linearelasticmodel,and(c)elastoplasticmodel

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Idealized and real stress-strain
behavior of soils

Various types of elastoplastic behaviors: (a) strain hardening, (b)

perfectly plastic, (c) strain softening, and (d) combination of a to c .
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
 Hookes Law of Isotropic
Elasticity

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Hookes Law of Isotropic Elasticity

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Standard Drained Triaxial Test on
Sand

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Standard Drained Triaxial Test on
Sand

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Oedometer Test on Sand

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Oedometer Test on Sand

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Oedometer Test on Sand

Hooke: 1 2
E (1 2 ) Eoed Eoed ( 13 )
1 3

Loose: E 2 y
ref
150 ref
p 3 p

Dense: E 2 y
ref
500 ref
p 3 p
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
 Oedometer Test on Sand

'
'y x 2 'x
K0

E 2 x x
Loose: 150 2 150
p ref 3 p ref p ref

Dense: E 2 x x
ref
500 2 ref
500 ref
p 3 p p

Thisimplies: E E 50
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
 Summary on Stiffness Parameters:
Sand
(Laboratorybasedexperience)
2
E E 50 E oed 13
3

E ' 'x
Loose: 150 x
'x Loose: E 15MPa ref
ref
p p ref
EE ref p
p ref

Dense:

E
500
'
x
Dense: E 50MPa '
x

p ref
p ref p ref

p ref 100kPa Unloading:About4timesstiffer.small

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
Selection of Moduli for FEM-
Computation
Example 1 (loading):

Layer1(extremelyloosesand ref
E 50 15MPa
MohrCoulombmodel:

Layer1: y 0 70kPa 'y 50kPa

/

Average 'y 95kPa 'x 50kPa

E 50 15000 0.5 10000kPa
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
Selection of Moduli for FEM-
Computation
Example 2 (unloading):

Layer 1 (dense): E 50 45MPa

ref
Layer 3 (medium): E 50ref 30MPa
Unloading: Eurref 4 E50ref , 0.15 for both layers

Mohr-Coulomb model:

Layer 1: 2 1.5 55kPa
'
y
'
'x 27.5kPa
E 4 45000 27.5
100 95000kPa
Layer 3: 'x 10kPa E 4 30000 0.10 38000kPa

Computational Geotechnics
Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
Eoed from Cone Penetration Test in
Sands
Cone Resistance: qc

Correlation: E oed qc

NC-Sand: = 1 to 3
Literature

Vermeers Experience: = 3

Alternatively: Eoed (30 10) qc p ref

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Undrained Triaxial Test on Clay

15000Cu
Normallyconsolidatedclay: E u50
Ip%

Cu=undrainedshearstrength(orSu) E u50 3G50

Computational Geotechnics
Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
 Idealized and real stress-strain
behavior of soils

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Idealized and real stress-strain
behavior of soils

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Plate Loading Tests

Duncan&Buchignani(1976)
Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
 Plate Loading Tests

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Summary on Stiffness Parameters:
Clay
Undrained Conditions

Do not use empirical relationships only. Get good quality experimental data from lab tests, cone
penetration tests and vane tests

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Drained Behavior for Clays

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

 Drained Behavior for Clays

Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters