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FLUID STATICS
The study of fluids at rest.
FLUID KINEMATICS
The study of fluid in motion,
FLUID MECHANICS where the pressure forces are not
considered.
FLUID DYNAMICS
The study of fluid in motion,
where the pressure forces are
considered.
Re < 2300 : laminar flow (characterized by smooth streamlines and highly ordered motion)
2300 < Re < 4000 : transitional flow (Occurs over some region in which the flow fluctuates between
laminar or turbulent)
Re > 4000 : turbulent flow (velocity fluctuations and highly disordered motion)
B) Minor Losses
i. Sudden enlargement of pipes
ii. Sudden contraction of pipes
iii. Pipe entry and exit
iv. Bend in pipes
v. Junction of pipes
vi. Minor leakage
1 1 2
+ + 1 = Constant (along a streamline)
p 2
Flow energy
1 1 2 2 2 2
+ + 1 = + + 2
p 2 p 2