CNC LATHE (FANUC)

Part Programming Geometry

Co-ordinate System for a CNC Lathe
Machine Zero point (M)
Workpiece Zero Point (W)
Reference Point (R)
 CNC LATHE (MTAB)
Program build-up for CNC Lathe using FANUC
System.

CNC Program can be divided into three parts.

1. Start-up Program
2. Profile Program
3. End of the Program
1. Start-up Program

O1000
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T1
M03 S1500
G00 X32 Z5
Explanation:
O1000:- While writing a program on FANUC controller first line has to
be started with letter O followed by four digit number which specifies the
program number.

G21 G98:- G21 - specifies that program is done in metric units

G98 gives the unit of feed in mm / min

G28 U0 W0:- Makes the tool to go to home position. U & W are secondary
movements about x and z axis.

M06 T1:- Tool Change with tool position No: 1

M03 S1500:- Makes the spindle rotation in clockwise with spindle rotates at 1500
RPM

G00 X32 Z5:- G00 gives rapid position of the tool to a point X32 Z5. This is
just above the billet. This point is called as the Tool entry Point.
2. Profile Program:

Profile program is based on the given part drawing.

3. End of the Program

G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

G28 U0 W0:- Makes the tool to go to home position. U & W are

secondary Movements about X and Z axis.
M05 :- Stop the Spindle
M30:- program stop
*Miscellaneous Function (M Codes)
M00-Program Stop
M01-Optional Stop
M02-Program End
M03-Spindle Rotation Clockwise
M04-Spindle Rotation Counter Clockwise
M05-Spindle Stop
M06-Tool Change
M08-Coolant On
M09-Coolant Off
M10-Chuck Open
M11-Chuck Close
M30-Program Stop and Rewind
Miscellaneous Function (M Codes)

M62-Output 1 On
M63-Output 2 On
M64-Output 1 Off
M65-Output 2 Off
M66-Wait input 1 On
M67-Wait input 2 On
M76-Wait input 1 Off
M77-Wait input 2 Off
M98-Sub-program Call
M99-Sub-program Exit
 G-Codes
G00 Rapid Motion Positioning
G01 Linear Interpolation Motion
G02 CW Circular Interpolation Motion / G03 CCW Circular
Interpolation Motion
G04 Dwell
G10 Set Offsets
G17 XY Plane, G18 ZX Plane and G19 YZ Plane
G18 ZX Plane Selection
G18 ZX Plane Selection
G20 Select Inches / G21 Select Metric
 G-Codes
G28 Return To Machine Zero, set optional G29 Reference
point
G40 Tool Nose Compensation Cancel
G41 Tool Nose Compensation Left / G42 TNC Right
G70 Finishing Cycle
G71 O.D./I.D. Stock Removal Cycle
G72 End Face Stock Removal Cycle
G73 Irregular Path Stock Removal Cycle
G74 End Face Grooving Cycle, Peck Drilling
G75 O.D./I.D. Grooving Cycle
G76 Threading Cycle, Multiple Pass
 G-Codes
G90 O.D./I.D. Turning Cycle
G92 Threading Cycle
G94 End Facing Cycle
G95 Live Tooling Rigid Tap (Face)
G96 Constant Surface Speed ON
G97 Constant Surface Speed OFF
G98 Feed Per Minute
G99 Feed Per Revolution
 G-Codes
G100 Disable Mirror Image
G101 Enable Mirror Image
G102 Programmable Output to RS-232
G103 Limit Block Look ahead
G105 Servo Bar Command
G110,G111 and G114-G129 Coordinate System
G112 XY to XC interpretation
G00: Fast Traverse
G01: Linear Traverse
G02 CW Circular Interpolation Motion / G03 CCW Circular
Interpolation Motion
Work Part Zero Procedure

CHUCK

WORKPIECE

TOOL
 Facing Cycle (G94)

This cycle is used for stock removal in parallel tool

path. It is equivalent of
1. Rapid to Z Position
2. Feed to X Position
3. Feed to start Z Position
4. Rapid to start X Position
 Facing Cycle (G94) Format:

G94 X Z F

X - Diameter to which the movement is being made .

Z - The Z axis co-ordinate to which the movement is being
made
F - Feed Rate
 O1000 ( FACING OPERATION)
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T1
M03 S1500
G00 X10 Z4
G94 X0 Z-0.5 F.5
Z-.5
Z-1
Z-1.5
Z-2
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
 Turning Cycle (G90)

This cycle is used for stock removal in parallel tool path. This
cycle performs four distinct moves with one line of
information. It is equivalent of
1. Rapid to X Position
2. Feed to Z Position
3. Feed to start X Position
4. Rapid to start Z Position
 Turning Cycle (G90) Format:

G90 X Z F

X - Diameter to which the movement is being made

Z - The Z axis co-ordinate to which the movement is being
made
F - Feed Rate
O1001 ( STEP TURNING)
G21 G98 (Initial Settings.)
G28 U0 W0 (Going to home position.)
M06 T1 (Tool Change Position No. 01.)
M03 S1500 (Spindle clockwise with 1500 RPM.)
G00 X33 Z5 (Tool Moving to Tool Entry Point of X33 Z5 at
Rapid Traverse)
G90 X31 Z-26 F100 (Calling G90 Cycle and
defining first depth of cut) X27 Z-14
X30 X26
X29
X25
X28
X24
X23
X22
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
 TAPER TURNING FORMAT:

G90 X Z F R

D - d
R=
2
D = MAJOR DIA.
d = MINOR DIA.

O1000( TAPER TURNING )
G21 G99
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X25 Z2 X13
G90 X24 Z-50 F0.3
X12
X11
X23
X10
X22 G00 X20 Z2
X21 G00 Z-15
X20 G90 X20 Z-35 F0.3 R-1
G90 X19 Z-15 F0.3 X20 R-2
X18 X20 R-3
X17 X20 R-4
X16 X20 R-5
X15 G28 U0 W0
X14 M05
M30
 Grooving format:

G75 R (e)
G75 X Z P Q F

R - Return Amount, mm
X - Total Depth along X axis, mm
Z - Total Width along Z axis, mm
P - Depth of Cut in X axis (in Micron)
Q - Stepping distance in Z axis (inMicron)

F - Feed Rate, mm
 O1003
G21 G99
G28 U0 W0
M06 T1
M03 S400
G00 X33 Z-18 (Tool Moving to Tool Entry Point of X33 Z-18 at Rapid
Traverse [15+3 = 18].
G75 R1 (Calling G75 Cycle and defining Cycle Parameters).
G75 X28 Z-20 P50
Q1000 F40 - (Defining Cycle Parameters).
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
 Multiple Turning Cycle:
G71 U(d) R(e)

G71 P(A') Q(B) U( u) W( w) F

U - Depth of cut in Z axis

R - Relief Amount
P - Starting block of the profile
Q - Finishing block of the profile
U - Finishing Allowance in X axis
W - Finishing Allowance in Z axis
F - Feed Rate
 O1020(MULTIPLE TURNING)
G21 G99
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X32 Z5
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P1 Q2 U00.1 F0.2
N1 G01 X18 Z0
G01 X20 Z-4
G01 X20 Z-16
G03 X24 Z-20 R4
G01 Z-30
N2 G01 X32 Z-38
G70 P1 Q2 F0.2
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
 Threading Cycle (G92):

Format:

The G92 command performs Single pass

threading cycle. Only the x axis moves
need to be entered in subsequent blocks,
up to the minor diameter value.

G92 X Z F

Where,

X - Minor Diameter, mm
Z - Thread Length, mm
F - Pitch of the Thread, mm
 O1011
G21 G99 - Initial Settings
G28 U0 W -Going to home position
M06 T1 -Tool Change Position No. 01
M03 S1500 -Spindle clockwise with 1500 RPM
G00 X32 Z5 -Tool Moving to Tool Entry Point of X32.5 Z5 at Rapid Traverse
G92 X31.9 Z-14 F1-Calling G92 Cycle and defining First Depth of Cut
X31.8
X31.7 Minor Diameter Calculation
X31.6
X31.5 d = Minor Diameter
X31.4 D = Major Diameter
X31.3 P = Thread Height
X31.2
X31.1 d = D 2 (P)
X31
d = 32 2 (0.613)
X30.9
X30.8 d = 32 1.226
X30.774 d = 30.774
X30.774
G28 U0 W0 Thread Height,
M05 P = 0.613 x Pitch of the Thread
M30 = 0.613 x 1
P = 0.613
 Drilling Cycle:

Format:
G74 R (e)
G74 X Z Q (k) F
R (e) - Return Amount, mm
X - Always Zero, mm
Z - Drilling Depth, mm
Q - Depth of Cut in Z axis (in Micron)
F - Feed Rate, mm
O1201 G74 R2
G21 G99 G74 X0 Z-24 Q500 F100
G28 U0 W0
G28 U0 W0
M05
M06 T01 M30
M03 S1500
G00 X0 Z5