Welding Joint Design and

Welding Symbols
 After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Sketch the five basic welding joints
Explain the factors that must be considered when
choosing a weld joint design
Discuss the factors to consider when selecting a weld
joint design
List and explain the information that can be included on a
welding symbol
Sketch a welding symbol and identify the components

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

 Refers to the way pieces of metal are put together
or aligned with each other

The five (5) basic weld joint designs are:

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Name five basic weld joints that may be found in a weldment.

Butt Joint
Lap Joint
Corner Joint
Tee Joint
Edge Joint

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

FIGURE 5-1
Types of joints.
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Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Open Corner Closed Corner

FIGURE 5-2 Two ways of fitting up an outside corner joint.

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FIGURE 5-3 Edge joints.

Cengage Learning 2012

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Name three types of joints that use fillet welds?

NOTE: "fillet weld" = a triangular shaped weld in a corner

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Side Note: some considerations in selecting a type of joint to
use on a fabrication.

Accessibility for welding

Strength requirements
Cyclic or static loading
Material thickness
Welding process to be used
Material type
Code Requirements
Cost

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Name two edge preparations used with butt joints.

Bevel Groove Vee Groove

J Groove

Square Groove U Groove

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Edge preparations used with butt joints.

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

More Important Groove Preparations:

Bevel Groove single and double

Vee Groove single and double

3D Welded Joints.pdf

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Single V Groove

Double V Groove

1 2 3 1
4
2

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

 Cost
A number of items affect weld cost

FIGURE 5-14 Even a slight change in groove angle can save time and money.
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Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

 Weld Size
Weld Faults

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

How is the size of a fillet determined and what is used to
measure it?

NOTE:
Convexity
While Leg Size is the usual
method to specify and Leg Size2
Actual Throat
measure weld size, the
Effective Throat is a more Effective Leg Size1
accurate measure of fillet weld Throat
strength!
Theoretical
Throat
Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5
How To Use A Fillet Gauge

1. After selecting specified size

gauge from set, measure
Leg1
2. Measure Leg2
L1
3/8
3. Verify throat with other side
of gauge (face of gauge
should touch weld)
L2

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

 Undercut most predominant
weld fault

Fix: Short arc length, proper

amperage and speed

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Describe four typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds.

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Other typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds:

Porosity:

Lack of shielding gas

Wet electrode
Greasy material

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Other typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds:

Slag Inclusion: Improper cleaning / removal of slag

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

 Undercut

Porosity
Poor Fitup

Lack of Penetration

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

F = Fillet
G = Groove
1 = Flat
2 = Horizontal
3 = Vertical
4 = Overhead

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

G = Groove
1 = Horizontal Rolled
2 = Vertical
5 = Horizontal Fixed
6 = 45 Incline

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Welding Symbols

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5
Welding Symbols (contd.)

3 parts of the welding symbol body:

Reference Line
Tail
Arrow

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

 Welding symbols
Applied to reference
line at the base
Reference lines have
an arrow side (near
side) and other side
(far side)

FIGURE 5-17 Designating weld location.

American Welding Society
Sketch the weld required by this symbol.
What if the symbol
were on this side?

No size specified

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown.

As you see in this example,

Symbol must be above
the reference line
indicating make weld on
"Other Side" of joint from
where arrow is pointing.
the weld symbol usually
looks like the weld cross
section shape!

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

1/4

(1/4 x 3/8)

Nothing in the symbol specifies

unequal leg size location.
1 /4

1 /4 3 /8

If there are not obvious reasons to put larger leg on one side of
joint (e.g. thicker metal), then it must be specified on drawing.

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

1/4

3/8

3 /8
1 /4

1 /4 3 /8

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

3/16

3/16

3 /1 6
3 9
3 /1 6
3 /1 6 3 - 9

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

1 /2 2 - 8
1 /2 2 - 8
2 8
1/2

1/2
1/2

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

3/8 1-3
1 3
1/4 1-3

1 /4

3 /8

1 3

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

1/2 x 1/4 23
2 3 1 /2
1/2 x 1/4 23
1 /2

1 /4

1 /2

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions
and notes.

1/8
G TAW
1 /8

P ro c e s s :
"TIG"
C o n to u r:
Flat
F i n i s h in g M e t h o d :
Welding

NOTE: The Weld All Around symbol

is not required for pipe weld
connections but may be
included for clarity
In other cases, it is needed
to specify that requirement

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions
and notes.

1/8
G TAW
1 /8

P ro c e s s :
"TIG"
C o n to u r:
Flat
F i n i s h in g M e t h o d :
Welding

NOTE: The Flag symbol.

Indicates field weld or on-site welding

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

 Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown.

NOTE: The broken arrow line should be used

to point at the side to be prepared.

NOTE: The vertical line must

always be on the left side.

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

3/8
40
40

3 /8

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions
and notes.

1 /4 1 /4 G
FCAW

P r o c e s s : Flux Cored
Arc Welding
C o n t o u r : Convex
F i n i s h i n g M e t h o d : Grinding

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

3 /1 6
NOTE: Efforts should be made to avoid
Hi/Lows for a smooth surface

3/16
SURFACING FUNCTIONS:
Buildup
Stainless Overlay
Abrasion Resistant Overlay

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

1/8 2
1 /8

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5

Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

SM AW
1 /2
FCAW
3 /8 (1 /2 ) 1 /8
1 1 /4 45
3 /8
SM AW
3/8

45
3/8 1 2 3

1/8 1/2

Welding Joint Design & Welding Symbols Chapter #5