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CIMNE UNIVERSITAT POLITCNICA DE CATALUNYA

International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering Departament de Resistncia de Materials i Estructures a lEnginyeria

NUMERICAL TOOL TO STUDY STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT OF STEEL


REINFORCED CONCRETE (RC) STRUCTURES UNDER SEISMIC LOADS USING
FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS (FRP)
[1]
Xavier MARTINEZ , Sergio OLLER and Alex BARBAT
[1] Correspondence Author. Universitat Politcnica de Catalunya (UPC). xaviermg@cimne.upc.edu

CODE DESCRIPTION

The code developed is a finite element code that can work with 2D and 3D elements. To deal with composite materials, the theories and numerical procedures
included in the code are:

Classic Rule of Anisotropy using a mapping Fibre-Matrix debounding


Mixtures space theory The apparition of cracks in matrix material is followed by a relative
It deals with composite With this theory, all constitutive movement between matrix and fibre
materials according to parameters and the stress and strain This phenomenon is considered with a a reduction on the fibre yield
the following hypothesis: states of the structure are transported limit stress as:
form the real anisotropic space to a
1.The composite contains
a finite number of
fictitious isotropic one.
f R
fib {
= min f ;N
fib f N
mat

2 f fib - mat rfib
; N
}
components This transformation allows using all
numerical tools and theories R N
2.Each component Where f is the final resistance, f the nominal resistance and
is
developed for isotropic spaces.
contribution to isrthe fibres radius
fib
composites behaviour is Space transformation scheme:
proportional to its
volumetric participation
Construction Stages Algorithm
3.All components suffer
the same strains (closing To study the behaviour of CFRP in the case of retrofitted
equation) structures a Construction Stages Algorithm has been
implemented. This permits running the numerical simulation
4.The volume of each with only some active elements on the structure and to activate
component is them at a certain load level.
significantly smaller than To do this, strains in a point are divided in an active and a non-
the composite volume. active part: = A + NA
If the element does not exist: = ; =0 NA A

Numerical Implementation If the element exists: =-


A NA

CODE VALIDATION

The code has been validated using the experimental results reported by G. Spadea [Spadea et al. (1998), Structural Behaviour of composite RC beams with externally bonded CFRP, Journal of
Composites for Construction; 2, num 3, 132-137].

Experimental and Numerical Model Results Obtained 4000.0

The final beam strength is the same in the 3500.0

3000.0
experimental and in the numerical results
Force A pplied [kp]

2500.0

The beam stiffness is larger in the numerical non- 2000.0

reinforced beam. In the CFRP reinforced beam the 1500.0


3D - No Reinf
numerical stiffness is also equal to the experimental 1000.0
3D - Flex Reinf
500.0 Experim - No Reinf
one. Experim - Flex Reinf
0.0
0.0 -1.0 - 2.0 - 3.0 - 4.0 - 5.0 -6.0
It can be concluded that the code works properly. Displacement [cm]

CFRP reinforcement of a RC frame joint

Concrete frames are a common building typology. One of its weakest parts is the connecting joint between the beam and the column. In this simulation, the joint
is reinforced with different CFRP reinforcements in order to see if those increase the frame strength and to find out which CFRP configuration is better.
Frame Studied and Reinforcements applied to it
Numerical
Model

Three different RC frames with different CFRP reinforcement have been considered
3D-noR: Concrete frame without CFRP reinforcement
3D-R: Concrete frame with the Upper and Lower CFRP reinforcements
3D-LR: Concrete frame with Upper, Lower and Lateral CFRP reinforcement

Results - 12000.0

If no In the 3D-R Lateral


- 10000.0
reinforcement is model, the failure reinforcements
section moves to avoids failure
applied, failure
Force Applied [kp]

- 8000.0
damage in
appears in the the inner part of
concrete external
outer part of the the frame joint section
- 6000.0

joint - 4000.0
No Reinf (3D- noR)

- 2000.0 Up- L ow Reinf (3D- R)


Global frame behaviour
Up- L ow- L at Reinf (3D- L R)
Upper and lower CFRP reinforcements increase joint stiffness but do not improve significantly its strength 0.0
0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0
Lateral reinforcement does not improve significantly the joint stiffness but it does improve its strength (up to 20%) Displacement [cm]

CFRP retrofitting of a beam

The beam used to do the numerical simulation has been used to see the effects of retrofitting a structure with CFRP 4000.0

3500.0

3000.0
Force Applied [kp]

Cases Considered Results obtained 2500.0

Two beams retrofitted at different moments have been compared The structure stiffness does not depend on when the 2000.0

with a non reinforced and a reinforced beam. These are: CFRP reinforcement is applied 1500.0

1000.0 3D - No Reinf

1.Beam retrofitted when concrete reaches its yield stress ( t1 ). Later the CFRP is applied, more deformed will be the 500.0
3D - Flex Reinf
3D - Retrofitted at t1

2.Beam retrofitted when steel reinforcement reaches its yield structure and more damage will be found in it 0.0
3D - Retrofitted at t2

stress ( t2 ). 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 - 3.0


Displacement [cm]
- 4.0 -5.0 -6.0

Paper
First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology
(a joint event of the 13th ECEE & 30th General Assembly of the ESC)
Genevea, Switzerland, 3-8 September 2006 844

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