Materials are classified in two major groups-

Metals.
Non metals
Objects which dont break easily on hammering
are metals.
For example- iron, copper, aluminium, etc.
Objects which breaks easily on hammering are
called non metals.
For example- sulphur, carbon, oxygen, etc.
Metals- Non metals-
These are tough. these are less tough.
These are lustrous. These are less
These can be lustrous.
changed in thin These cant be
sheets and wires. changed in thin
These are good wires and sheets.
conductors of heat These are bad
and electricity. conductors of heat
and electricity.
Malleability-The property of metals by which they can be
beaten into thin sheets is called malleability.
Ductility-The property of metals by which it can be drawn
into wires is called ductility.
Sonorous-When objects produce ringing sounds they are
said to be sonorous.
Atom-The smallest unit of an element is an atom.
Element-When a substance cant be broken down further
by chemical reactions ,by cooling, heating, or by
electrolysis ,it is called element.
In the light of availability of resources objects can be
classified in two major kinds-
Inexhaustible resources.
Exhaustible resources.
The resources which are unlimited in the nature are
called Inexhaustible resources.
For example-sunlight, air, etc.
The resources which are limited in the nature are
called exhaustible resources.
For example-coal, petroleum, etc.
Coal is as hard as a stone and black in colour. Coal is one of
the fuels used to cook food. Once, it was used to run the
engines of the trains, and to produce electricity in thermal
plants.
About, 300 million years ago earth had dense forests and low lying
wetland areas. Due to floods these forests got buried under the soil.
The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under
high temperature and high pressure dead plants and animals slowly
got converted in coal. This is how coal was found.
Petroleum is the main source from which we
get petrol and diesel.
Petroleum was formed due to the dead bodies
of the aquatic animals. When these bodies
were covered with layers of sand and clay. Over
millions of years, absence of air, high
temperature and high pressure these dead
organisms got converted in petroleum and
natural gas.