INTRODUCTION CHARACTERS SUMMARY CRITICAL ANALYSIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTRIBUTION CHARLES DICKENS AND HIS WORLD CHARLES JOHN HUFFAM DICKENSwasaFamedBritishauthorbornonFebruary 7,1812,inPortsmouth,onthesoutherncoastofEngland.Hewasthesecond ofeightchildren.Hisfather,JohnDickens,wasanavalclerkwhodreamedof strikingitrich.CharlesDickensmother,ElizabethBarrow,aspiredtobea teacherandschooldirector.Despitehisparentsbestefforts,thefamily remainedpoor.Nevertheless,theywerehappyintheearlydays.In1816, theymovedtoChatham,Kent,whereyoungCharlesandhissiblingswere freetoroamthecountrysideandexploretheoldcastleatRochester. Dickenswaspermittedtogobacktoschoolwhenhisfatherreceivedafamily inheritanceandusedittopayoffhisdebts.ButwhenDickenswas15,his educationwaspulledoutfromunderhimonceagain.In1827,hehadtodrop outofschoolandworkasanofficeboytocontributetohisfamilysincome. Asitturnedout,thejobbecameanearlylaunchingpointforhiswriting career. Withinayearofbeinghired,Dickensbegan freelancereportingatthelawcourtsof London.Justafewyearslater,hewas reportingfortwomajorLondonnewspapers.In 1833,hebegansubmittingsketchestovarious magazinesandnewspapersunderthe pseudonymBoz.In1836,hisclippingswere publishedinhisfirstbook,Sketches by Boz.Dickensfirstsuccesscaughttheeyeof CatherineHogarth,whomhesoonmarried. CatherinewouldgraceCharleswithabroodof 10childrenbeforethecoupleseparatedin 1858. InthesameyearthatSketches by Bozwas released,DickensstartedpublishingThe Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. His seriesofsketches,originallywrittenas captionsforartistRobertSeymourshumorous sports-themedillustrations,tooktheformof monthlyserialinstallments.The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club waswildlypopular withreaders.Infact,Dickenssketcheswere evenmorepopularthantheillustrationsthey weremeanttoaccompany. Aroundthistime,DickenshadalsobecomepublisherofamagazinecalledBentleys Miscellany. Inithestartedpublishinghisfirstnovel,Oliver Twist,whichfollowsthelife ofanorphanlivinginthestreets.ThestorywasinspiredbyhowDickensfeltasan impoverishedchildforcedtogetbyonhiswitsandearnhisownkeep.Dickens continuedshowcasingOliver Twist inthemagazineshelateredited, includingHousehold WordsandAll the Year Round,thelatterofwhichhefounded.The novelwasextremelywellreceivedinbothEnglandandAmerica. Overthenextfewyears,DickensstruggledtomatchthelevelofOliver Twistssuccess. From1838to1841,hepublishedThe Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby,The Old Curiosity ShopandBarnaby Rudge.In1843,DickenswrotehisnovelThe Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit,astoryaboutamansstruggletosurviveonthe ruthlessAmericanfrontier.Thebookwaspublishedthefollowingyear. Overthenextcoupleofyears,DickenspublishedtwoChristmasstories.Onewasthe classicA Christmas Carol,whichfeaturesthetimelessprotagonistEbenezerScrooge, acurmudgeonlyoldmiser,who,withthehelpofaghost,findstheChristmasspirit. In1865,Dickenswasinatrainaccidentandneverfullyrecovered.Despitehisfragile condition,hecontinuedtotouruntil1870.OnJune9,1870,Dickenshadastrokeand, atage58,diedatGadsHillPlace,hiscountryhomeinKent,England.Hewasburied inPoetsCorneratWestminsterAbbey,withthousandsofmournersgatheringatthe belovedauthorsgravesite.ScottishsatiricalwriterThomasCarlyledescribedDickens passingasaneventworldwide,auniqueoftalentssuddenlyextinct.Atthetimeof Dickensdeath,hisfinalnovel,The Mystery of Edwin Drood,wasleftunfinished. INTRODUCTION AChristmasCarolisalongstoryofthekindsometimescalledanovella(bigforastory buttooshorttobeanovel).CharlesDickenswroteitin1843,thefirstofaseriesof whathecalledChristmasBooks.Itquicklybecamepopular,andithasinfluencedthe waypeopleinBritainthinkofChristmas-indeed,somepeoplethinkthatDickens almostinventedourideasabouttheseason.EbenezerScroogehasbecomeperhaps betterknownthanthebookheappearsin-ashashiscatchphrase,"Bah,humbug".An outlineofthestory. InthisstoryEbenezerScroogeisaselfishandhardheartedoldman.OneChristmas Evetheghostofhisformerbusinesspartner,JacobMarleyappearstohim.Marleywas almostasselfishasScroogeandnowhisspiritisbeingpunished.Hetellscroogethat hemustchangehiswaysandexplainsthatthreemoreghostwillvisithim.Thesethree spiritsshowScroogehispast,hispresentandapossiblefuture.Inthepastliesthe startofScrooge'sselfishness,whichiscompletedinthepresent.Thethirdghostshows aglimpseofafuturewhereScroogedies,unlovedandunlamented.Manypeopleare harmedbyScrooge'shardnessofheart,butwereadmostaboutthefamilyof Scrooge'semployee,BobCratchit,andhisdisabledson,TinyTim,whosedeaththe secondspiritdescribes,whilethethirdspiritshowstheeffectofthedeathonhisfamily. Scroogewakesafterthevisit ofthelast ofthe spirits,tofinditis ChristmasDay,and that he is able to change things for the better. He immediately sets out to help the Cratchitfamily,andothers,whilebeginningtoputrightthewrongsofthepastandthe present.TinyTimdoesnotdie,andScroogebecomesaskindasheoncewasselfish. CHARACTERS Ebenezer Scrooge : The focal character of Charles Dickens' 1843 novella, A Christmas Carol. At the beginning of the novella, Scrooge is a cold-hearted miser who despises Christmas. Dickens describes him thus: "The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, made his eyes red, his thin lips blue, and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice...". Robert "Bob" Cratchit :A fictional character in the Charles Dickens novella A Christmas Carol. The abused, underpaid clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge, Cratchit has come to symbolize poor working conditions, especially long working hours. Tiny Tim : He is a minor character, the youngest son of Bob Cratchit, and is seen only briefly, but serves as an important symbol of the consequences of the protagonist's choices. Fezziwig :To provide contrast with Ebenezer Scrooge's attitudes towards business ethics. Scrooge, who apprenticed under Fezziwig, is the very antithesis of the person he worked for as a young man. Mr. Fezziwig is portrayed as a happy, foppish man with a large Welsh Wig. Mrs. Cratchit : Wife of Mr. Cratchit ,who is named EMILY in some adaptions. Fred : He is Ebenezer Scrooge's nephew and only living relative in A Christmas Carol. Fred is also a gentleman of some means but unlike his miserly uncle, he is a kind-hearted, generous, cheerful, and optimistic man who loves Christmas. Fred believes that there is good to be found in everyone, even his misanthropic uncle Scrooge, whom he invites to Christmas dinner every year despite constant rejection. Fred believes that the good in Scrooge can be brought to the surface. Cratchits children : Martha cratchit, the eldest daughter, who works as an apprentice at a milliner's. Belinda Cratchit, the second daughter,Peter Cratchit, the heir, for whom his father is arranging employment at the weekly rate of five shillings and sixpence. Ghost of Christmas Past : The Ghost of Christmas Past is the first of the three spirits to haunt Ebenezer Scrooge. This angelic spirit shows Scrooge scenes from his past that occurred on or around Christmas, in order to demonstrate to him the necessity of changing his ways, as well as to show the reader how Scrooge came to be a bitter, cold-hearted miser. Ghost of Christmas Present : The Ghost of Christmas Present is the second of the three spirhat haunt the miser Ebenezer Scrooge, in order to prompt him to repent. When he first appears before Scrooge, he invites him to "come in and know me better, man. Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Come : Scrooge finds the Ghost Of Christmas Future the most fearsome of the Spirits; it appears to Scrooge as a figure entirely muffled in a black hooded cloak, except for a single spectral hand with which it points. Although the character never speaks in the story, Scrooge understands it, usually through assumptions from his previous experiences and rhetorical questions. SUMMARY Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserly, cold-hearted creditor, continues his stingy, greedy ways on Christmas Eve. He rejects a Christmas dinner invitation and all the good tidings of the holiday, from his jolly nephew, Fred; he yells at charity workers; and he overworks his employee, Bob Cratchit. At night, Scrooge's former partner Jacob Marley, dead for seven years, visits him in the form of a ghost. Marley's spirit has been wandering since he died as punishment for being consumed with business and not with people while alive. He has come to warn Scrooge and perhaps save him from the same fate. He tells him Three Spirits will come to him over the next three nights. Scrooge falls asleep and wakes up to find the Ghost of Christmas Past, a small, elderly figure. The Ghost shows Scrooge scenes from the past that trace Scrooge's development from a young boy, lonely but with the potential for happiness, to a young man with the first traces of greed that would deny love in his life. Scrooge shows newfound emotion when revisiting these scenes, often crying from identification with his former neglected self. Scrooge goes to sleep and is awakened by the Ghost of Christmas Present, a giant with a life span of one day. He shows Scrooge several current scenes of Christmas joy and charity, then shows him the Cratchit household. The Ghost informs Scrooge that unless the future is changed, the Cratchit's crippled and good-hearted young son, Tiny Tim, will die. He also shows Scrooge the party at Fred's house. Finally, a ragged boy and girl crawl out from the Ghost's robes. The Ghost calls them Ignorance and Want and warns Scrooge to beware of Ignorance. The silent, black-clad Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come replaces the other ghost. He shows Scrooge several scenes of people discussing someone's death; no one seems pained by the death, and most are happy about it. Scrooge does not know, however, who the man is. He learns that Tiny Tim has died, but the Cratchits maintain their unity and love. Scrooge finally discovers that he is the one who has died and whose death has only pleased people. He expresses the hope that these scenes of the future can be changed and vows to incorporate the lessons of the past, present and future into his adoption of the Christmas spirit. Scrooge wakes up in his bedroom and learns that the whole adventure took only one night, not three it is Christmas Day. In addition to smiling and being friendly to everyone he sees, he sends a large turkey to the Cratchits, gives a sizable donation to the charity worker he previously insulted, and has a wonderful time at Fred's party. The next day he gives Cratchit a raise. Scrooge continues his kindly ways after Christmas, befriending everyone and becoming a second father to Tiny Tim, who does not die. He never sees the ghosts again, but he keeps the spirit of Christmas alive in his heart as well as anyone. CRITICAL ANALYSIS A Christmas Carolis a fairly straightforward allegory built on an episodic narrative structure in which each of the main passages has a fixed, obvious symbolic meaning. The book is divided into five sections (Dickens labels them Staves in reference to the musical notation staff--a Christmas carol, after all, is a song), with each of the middle three Staves revolving around a visitation by one of the three famous spirits. The three spirit-guides, along with each of their tales, carry out a thematic function--the Ghost of Christmas Past, with his glowing head, represents memory; the Ghost of Christmas Present represents charity, empathy, and the Christmas spirit; and the reaper-like Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come represents the fear of death. Scrooge, with his Bah! Humbug! attitude, embodies all that dampens Christmas spirit-- greed, selfishness, indifference, and a lack of consideration for one's fellow man. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT WE LIKED TO THANKED OUR RESPECTED CLASS TEACHER ,SHUBHRA MAAM,WHO HAD HELPED US BY GIVING IDEAS AND ADVICE FOR THIS PROJECT.WE ARE GROUP-V AND WE HAD TAKE THE HELP AND GUIDELINE OF SOME RESPECTED PERSONS,WHO DESERVE OUR GREATEST GRATITUDE.MANY PEOPLE,ESPECIALLY OUR CLASSMATES AND TEAM MEMBERS ITSELF,HAVE MADE VALUABLE COMMENT SUGGESTIONS ON THIS PROPOSAL WHICH GAVE US INSPIRATION TO IMPROVE OUR ASSIGNMENT.WE THANK ALL THE PEOPLE FOR THEIR HELP DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY TO COMPLETE OUR ASSIGNMENT. BIBLIOGRAPHY Teddy Wayne, author of ClassicNote. Completed on July 26, 2002, copyright held by GradeSaver. Dickens, Charles.A Christmas Carol. New York: Bantam Books, 1997. The 170th anniversary ofCharles Dickenss novella,A Christmas Carol. It also marks the nine-year anniversary ofTim AllensThe Santa Clause. Hard to choose which one to commemorate, really, but lets go withA Christmas Carolsorry, Tim! After all, this classic story not only introduced the world to Ebenezer Scrooge and vilified capitalism, it also breathed nearly two centuries of merriment into what was once a somber holiday. CONTRIBUTION 1. DEBISWARI BAG Character Sketch 2. KAZI MEHNAZ YASMIN Writing & Editing 3. KUSHAL BISWAS Sound Effect 4. PROSHANTO BHADRA Conclusion 5. RIKSHIK DAS Collecting Pictures 6. RITANKAR DUTTA Acknowledgement 7. RITWIK GUPTA Background Editing 8. ROHIT SINGH Bibliography 9. SAPTANGSHU GHOSH Collecting Information 10. SAURISH BOSE Critical Analysis THANK YOU
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