Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Karen Sirker
World Bank Institute
ksirker@worldbank.org
October 4, 2006
WHAT IS ACCOUNTABILITY?
Independent Agencies
ombudsman, vigilance commissions,
WHAT IS SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY?
Social
Accountabilit
y
Good Empowerment
Governance
Development
Effectiveness
WHAT HAS GONE WRONG?
If Good Governance is classified as being participatory, transparent,
accountable, effective, compliant with the rule of law, and responsive to
the needs of the people, then what has gone wrong?
AFB-Canada;
AFB-Canada;Porto
Porto
Alegre,
Alegre,Brazil
Brazil
Karnataka,
Karnataka, Budget
Performance India/Filipino
DISHA, India;
DISHA, India;
India/Filipino Gender
GenderBudget
BudgetProj.
Proj. Analysis
Monitoring Report
ReportCard
Card S.S.Africa
Africa
CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
PETS-Uganda, P-
PETS-Uganda, P-
Watch-Phil.
Watch-Phil.
Budget
Expenditure
Tracking
Facilitates the institutionalization of social accountability mechanisms
in the decision-making of public institutions and policy, and leads to
more sustainable poverty reduction outcomes.
PARTICIPATORY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
MANAGEMENT
Conventionally, the budget is wrapped around technical jargon and large numbers, is
inaccessible to common people. Independent budget review and analysis is a process
where a wide range of stakeholders research, unpack, monitor and disseminate
information about public expenditure and investments.
The Approach
Although no ready formula exists, in general the key phases of this process are:
Demystify: Unpacking and making sense of the budget allows people to contest official
figures and policies.
Advocacy: Expressing the budget and any proposed alternate budget in lay persons
terms allows a wide range of stakeholders to get involved in a dialogue process around
the budget (which is usually in the control of a small number of technocrats).
Lobbying: Organizing social coalitions and alliances harness the energies of various
groups to support budget review and analysis.
Participatory Budget Analysis
in Gujurat, India – The Case
The Approach
This approach often involves the triangulation of information
received from disbursement records of finance ministries,
accounts submitted by line agencies and information obtained
from independent enquiry (using, for example, tools like
expenditure tracking surveys or social audits). Information is
disseminated through the use of media, publications and
public meetings.
Public Expenditure Tracking
Surveys in Uganda
The Approach
This is achieved through the use of participatory monitoring and
evaluation tools (e.g. community scorecards) and, at a more macro-
level, though the use of public opinion surveys, citizens' juries or
citizens' report cards. The findings of participatory monitoring and
evaluation exercises are presented at interface meetings (where users
and service providers come together to discuss the evidence and seek
solutions) or, as in the case of citizen report cards, are publicly
disseminated and presented to government officials to demand
accountability and lobby for change.
Performance Monitoring- Citizen Report
Cards (CRC) in Bangalore, India