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BUSBAR ARRANGEMENT
CONTENTS
SWITCHYARD LAYOUTING
CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTATIONS
Based on working
I. Generating substation (step up s/s)
II. Grid substation
III. Switching substation
IV. Secondary substation -- a) sub transmission voltage
b) primary distribution
c) distribution substation
Based on structure
I. Outdoor conventional air insulated substation (AIS)
II. Indoor substation
III. Compressed air insulated
IV. GIS
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect
the insulation on the system from the damaging effect of lightning.
Metal oxide varistors (MOVs) have been used for power system protection since the
mid 1970s.
The typical lightning arrester also known as surge arrester has a high voltage
terminal and a ground terminal.
Current from the surge is diverted around the protected insulation in most cases
to earth.
PICTURES OF SURGE DIVERTER (LIGHTNING ARRESTOR)
CVT
Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT), Capacitance
Coupled Voltage Transformer(CCVT)
Once a fault is detected, contacts within the circuit breaker must open to
interrupt the circuit.
. MARSHALLING KIOSKS
. STATION EARTHING SYSTEM
. POWER CABLES
. CONTROL CABLES
. INSULATORS
. METERING, RELAY AND CONTROL PANEL
. SUPPLY SYSTEM
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
Advantages:
1.Simple in Design
2.Less Expenditure
Disadvantages:
1.In case of bus fault or bus bar isolator fault or maintenance total
Substation is out of service.
2.In case of maintenance of transformer circuit breaker the associated
transformer has also to be shut-down. Similarly for Line also.
SINGLE BUS WITH BUS SECTIONALISER
Advantages:
1. One complete section can be taken out for
Maintenance without disturbing the
continuity of other section.
2. If a fault occurs on one section of the Bus,
that faulty section alone will be isolated.
Disadvantages:
It will be a little more costly with the addition of one isolator and some cases with
Circuit breaker, C.Ts and C&R panel.
DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM
Advantages:
: Double Bus Bar Arrangement increases the
flexibility of system.
Disadvantages:
:The arrangement does not permit breaker
maintenance with out interruption.
DOUBLE BREAKER BUS SYSTEM
Advantages:
There is no need of bus coupler as because
the operation is done by breakers instead of
isolator
Disadvantages:
Most expensive as it involves additional breaker,
CT Isolators etc for each circuit.
ONE AND A HALF BREAKER BUS SYSTEM
Advantages:
During any fault on any one of the buses, that faulty bus will be cleared
instantly without interrupting any feeders in the system since all feeders will
continue to feed from other healthy bus.
Disadvantages:
This scheme is much expensive due to investment for
third breaker.
MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
Switching operation:
1.First close the isolators at both side of the bus
coupler breaker.
2. Then close the bypass isolator of the feeder
which is to be transferred to transfer bus.
3. Now energized the transfer bus by closing the
bus coupler circuit breaker from remote.
4.After bus coupler breaker is closed, now the power from main bus flows to the
feeder line through its main breaker as well as bus coupler breaker viatransfer bus.
5. Now if main breaker of the feeder is switched off, total power flow will
instantaneously shift to the bus coupler breaker and hence this breaker will serve
the purpose of protection for the feeder.
6. At last the operating personnel open the isolators at both sides of the main circuit
breaker to make it isolated from rest of the live system.
DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM WITH BYPASS ISOLATOR
Advantages:
It permits breaker maintenance without interruption
of power which is not possible in double bus system
but it provides all the advantages of double bus
system.
Disadvantages:
It however requires one additional isolator (bypass isolator) for each feeder
circuit and introduces slight complication in system layout.
RING BUS SYSTEM
Advantages:
It provides a double feed to each feeder circuit,
opening one breaker under maintenance or
otherwise does not affect supply to any feeder.
But this system has two major disadvantages.