DSP

Week 1
 Introduction
1 Basic Concepts about Signal
Definition
A Signal carries information and can be described as a
function of independent variables in mathematics.
Variable of Signals
Time/Distance/Temperature/Voltage
One-dimensional Signals Single variable y=x(t)
Two-dimensional Signals Two variables
Three-dimensional Signals Three variables
Classification of Signal
Continuous-time and discrete-time signal
Analog and digital signal (time and amplitude)
(1) Continuous-time signal
(2) Discrete-time signalDiscrete variableContinuous amplitude
Time-domain discrete signals
(3) Analog Signal: Continuous variableContinuous amplitude
Speech, Television, Time-domain continuous signals
(4) Digital SignalDiscrete variablesDiscrete amplitude
Quantized discrete-time signals
 Signal Processing
Representation, transformation and manipulation
of signals and the information they contain.

Signal operation include:

(1) Transform, filter, inspection, spectrum analysis;
(2) Modulation and coding;
(3) Analog Signal Processing;
(4) Digital Signal Processing.

Computer, Semiconduct and Information Science

1960s-1970s
IMAGE PROCESSING MILITARY
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL
Pattern recognition Secure communication
Spectrum analysis
Robotic vision Radar processing
ConsumerPosition
applications
and rateSonar
control
Image enhancement processing
SPEECH digital,
& AUDIOcellarreduction
Noise mobile phones
Satellite weather map Missile guidance
Speech
universal
recognition
Datamobile telecommunication system
compression
animation TELECOMMUNICATION
Speech
digital
synthesis
television
Textdigital camera Echo cancellation
to speech
Adaptive
digital
internet
audio music, phones andequalization
video
Biomedical digital answer machines,
Video conferencing
fax and modems
Patient monitoring
voice mail systemdata communication
Scannersinteractive entertainment systems
ECG (Electrocardiograph)
X-ray storage/enhancement
 This was only one example

DSP has many such applications, Find them?

2 Basic concepts about system

(1) System

Device or technology of signal processing.

(2) Analog system

System with analog input and output.

(3) Digital system

System with digital input and output.

 Signals and Systems
Basic model:

Input: x Output: y
System: h

DSPFPGASOPCSOCAlgorithm Codes

2017/6/30 12
Three Problems
x y
h

Given x and h, find y analysis

Given h and y, find x control
Given x and y, find h design or synthesis

2017/6/30 13
3 Processing of analog signal with digital methods

(1) Digitalized process for analog signals

xa(t) Sample Quantizer Coder x(n)

(2) Digital processing method

xa(t) Filter A/D DSP D/A Filter ya(t)

x(n) y(n)
4 Feature of Digital System
Advantages
(1) High accuracy: Floating point-8,16,32,64 bits
(2) High reliability: VLSI (analog: drift, calibration)
(3) Flexible: DSP, Software, FPGA, VHDL
(4) Easy to integrate
(5) Deal with high dimensional signals
(6) Low costs: reusable, reconfigurable
(7) Data logging
(8) Adaptive capability
Disadvantages
Complex: cost and speed

Xa(t) Ya(t)
K

Analog Signal Processing

xa(t) Filter A/D DSP D/A Filter ya(t)

x(n) y(n)

Digital Signal Processing

 5 Study Case

Environment monitoring System

current A/D MEMO DISP

voltage
Analog
Switches CPU PC
freq

temp
Signal Printer
Conditioning
humidity
Electrical/non- Analog/Digital
electrical Automatic test system
Circuits
measurement
Digital Signal Processing
 MORE APPLICATIONS

The DSP
compresses the
digital signals and
removes
background noise.

When you An analog-to-digital In the listeners Your voice

speak, your converter chip converts cell phone, a exits the
voice is picked your voice, which is an digital-to-analog phone through
up by an analog signal, into digital converter chip the speaker.
analog sensor signals, represented by changes the
in the cell 1s and 0s. digital signals
phones back to an analog
microphone voice signal.
A MP3 Player
6. Objective of Digital Signal Processing
Digital Signals

Manipulation Digital filter

Measurement Digital Signals

Spectrum analysis Frequency division
Disturbance attenuation
(1) Selective of A/D Signal representation - Sampling

(2) Manipulation and transform feature extraction and analysis

(3) Noise process Digital filter

7. Research objectives
1-dimentional DSP, multi-dimentional DSP
and the realization of DSP system
1D DSP: 1D discrete-time signals and system
multi-D DSP: 2D or 3D image processing, etc.
Realization of DSP system:
Realization of theoretical algorithm and system
(filter) on software and hardware: including
system architecture, chip selective, development
of the software and hardware, etc.
8. Theory of digital signal processing
File attached herewith as course contents
9. Implementation of DSP system

General-purpose computer;
Micro-control unit;
General-purpose DSP chip;
Specific-design DSP chip;
TI (leading manufacture, 70%)
AD, Motorala, Lucent, NEC
10. Objectives of our learning
Main idea: solve the problem of analog signals
with digital method

Understand the concept:

Sample
Transform: time-domainfrequency domain
Spectrum analysis
Filter design
Important tools: Method to design digital filter
11. Proposed syllabus for the course

Total period: 32; Class: 14 AB

Experiment: 14
Discrete-time signals and system
Discrete Fourier transform
FFT and its applications
Design of IIR digital filters
Design of FIR digital filters
12 Student Commitment
Assignment + Project 10%
Quizzes 10
Mid 20%
Lab 20%
Final 60%
Attendance in classes is mandatory !
 HOW TO
GET
WHAT YOU WANT ?

WANTED !
 Text
1 Discrete-time Signal Processing. A.V. Oppenheim, R.W.Schafer.
Pearson Education2005,1
2 Digital Signals Processing -Digital Signal processing by J.G. Proakis and
D.G. Manolakis. 4th Edition