Reabsorption and Excretion

Fluid - Electrolytes
 Kidney functions
Primary: water regulation and electrolyte
balance--homeostasis
The renal system functions to maintain the
intravascular volume
Other:
Endocrine: renin, erythropoieten, calcitriol
Glucose synthesis
 Sodium Reabsorption:
Primary Active Transport

Na+ reabsorption provides the energy and

the means for reabsorbing most other
solutes
 Reabsorption by PCT Cells
Active pumping of Na+ drives reabsorption of:
Water by osmosis, aided by water-filled pores
called aquaporins
Cations and fat-soluble substances by diffusion
Organic nutrients and selected cations by
secondary active transport
Reabsorption by PCT Cells
7
 Regulation of Sodium Balance:
Aldosterone
Adrenal cortical cells are directly
stimulated to release aldosterone by
elevated K+ levels in the ECF
Aldosterone brings about its effects
(diminished urine output and increased
blood volume) slowly
 Influence of Aldosterone
Aldosterone stimulates potassium ion
secretion by principal cells
In cortical collecting ducts, for each Na+
reabsorbed, a K+ is secreted
Increased K+ in the ECF around the
adrenal cortex causes:
Release of aldosterone
Potassium secretion
Renal Potassium Handling
Regulation of ADH
 Absorptive Capabilities of Renal
Tubules and Collecting Ducts
Substances reabsorbed in PCT include:
Sodium, all nutrients, cations, anions, and water
Urea and lipid-soluble solutes
Small proteins
Loop of Henle reabsorbs:
H2O, Na+, Cl, K+ in the descending limb
Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ in the ascending limb
 Absorptive Capabilities of Renal
Tubules and Collecting Ducts
DCT absorbs:
Ca2+, Na+, H+, K+, and water
HCO3 and Cl
Collecting duct absorbs:
Water and urea
 Nonreabsorbed Substances
Substances are not reabsorbed if they:
Lack carriers
Are not lipid soluble
Are too large to pass through membrane
pores
Urea, creatinine, and uric acid are the
most important nonreabsorbed substances
Reabsorption of Bicarbonate

17
Hydrogen Ion Excretion

18
Hydrogen Ion Excretion

19
Ammonium Ion Excretion

20
Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Collecting Duct
Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium metabolism
 References

1. Ivkovic, A ., Dave, R. Renal review. PPT

2. Kersten. Fluid and electrolytes. PPT.
3. Marieb, EN. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. PPT.
Pearson Education, Inc. 2004
4. Silverthorn, DU. Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte
Balance. Chapter 20, part B. Pearson Education, Inc. 2004

24