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PIPE CULVERT

By

CH. VENKATARAMAIAH
(1) A pipe culvert is normally proposed where a canal with a
discharge of 1 cumec to 1.5 cumec crosses the village/
Z. P / R & B roads. In case the number of rows of pipes
exceeds 2 the pipe culvert may not be economical. In
such cases the slab culvert may be economical. The
culvert shall be with full formation width of road as per
IRC recommendation.
(2) Pipe

(i) Maximum & Minimum diametre of pipe:


The maximum diameter of pipe should be 1200 mm and
minimum diameter should be 750 mm. It shall be designed
to function as partially flowing with the velocity not more
than 2 times the normal canal velocity.

(ii) Class of pipe: NP3 class (reinforced concrete, medium


duty, non pressure pipe), conforming to I.S 458 2003 /
1988.

(iii) Minimum Earth cushion: Minimum earth cushion over


the pipes shall be 600 mm.
(3) Bedding:

Irrespective of load coming on the pipe, they shall be


bedded in a cradle constructed of concrete having mix not
leaner then M 15 grade. Thickness of concrete below the
pipe should be th of internal diameter of pipe and on the
sides the concrete should extend to th of external dia.
Figure A

Figure A
Where bed rock or boulders strata is met with at the pipe
invert level, the excavation shall be taken down at least 200
mm below the bottom of pipe. The bed shall be cleared and
the space shall be filled with well graded sand or granular
material free from stone or fragmented material, shaped to
the requirement and thoroughly compacted to provide
adequate support for the pipe Figure B.

Figure B
(4) Trench:

As per Para IS 783 1985 page 373 of the


specifications for road bridge work, trench shall be of
sufficient width to provide a free working space on either
side of the pipe. The working space shall be preferably not
less than 150 mm and shall not be more than one third of
the dia of pipe.
The minimum clearance between the pipes shall be at
least half the diameter of the pipe subject to a minimum
of 450 mm. Trench shall be kept free from water until the
pipes are installed and the joints have hardened Figure C.

Figure C
(5) Jointing:

The pipes shall be joined by the collar joints. Collars


shall be of R.C.C, 150 mm or 200 mm wide having same
strength as the pipes to be joined. Caulking space shall be
between 13 to 20 mm according to diameter. Caulking
material shall be cement and sand in the ratio of 1:2.
(6) Vent way:

Area of pipe = Q/ 2 x Vn
where Q = discharge of canal, Vn = normal velocity in
the canal.

Select the pipe diameter, more than canal F.S.D so that


there is partial flow in the pipe. If it requires more than two
pipes, go for slab culvert. The partial flowing pipes area is
calculated with the help of table given below.
a = C a d2
where a = area of partial flowing pipe
Ca = value as per table
d = dia of pipe , D = depth of water
Value of Ca

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
D/d
0.0 0.0000 0.0013 0.0037 0.0069 0.0105 0.0147 0.0192 0.0242 0.0294 0.0350

0.1 0.0409 0.0470 0.0534 0.0600 0.0668 0.0739 0.0811 0.0885 0.0961 0.1039

0.2 0.1118 0.1199 0.1281 0.1365 0.1449 0.1535 0.1623 0.1711 0.1800 0.1890

0.3 0.1982 0.2074 0.2167 0.2260 0.2355 0.2450 0.2546 0.2642 0.2739 0.2836

0.4 0.2934 0.3032 0.3130 0.3229 0.3328 0.3428 0.3527 0.3627 0.3727 0.3827

0.5 0.3930 0.4030 0.4130 0.4230 0.4330 0.4430 0.4530 0.4620 0.4720 0.4820

0.6 0.4920 0.5020 0.5120 0.5210 0.5310 0.5400 0.5500 0.5590 0.5690 0.5780

0.7 0.5870 0.5960 0.6050 0.6140 0.6230 0.6320 0.6400 0.6490 0.6570 0.6660

0.8 0.6740 0.6810 0.6890 0.6970 0.7040 0.7120 0.7190 0.7250 0.7320 0.7380

0.9 0.7450 0.7500 0.7560 0.7610 0.7660 0.7750 0.7750 0.7790 0.7820 0.7840
(7) The road level should be at the Road level / G.L/ TBL
whichever is higher. 300 mm thick P.C.C slab shall be
provided over the pipes with 75 mm wearing coat in M 20
with 6 at 200 c/c both ways at top & bottom.
THANK YOU

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