Issues for Product Design

Six Important Techniques in Designing a Product

Robust Design
Modular Design
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Virtual Reality Technology
Value Analysis
 Robust Design
A design where small variations in
production or assembly do not adversely
affect the product
 Modular Design

A design in which parts or components of a product

are subdivided into modules that are easily
interchanged or replaced
 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
the use of computers to develop and document a product

Extensions of CAD:

Design for Manufacture

and Assembly (DFMA) 3-D Object Modelling
software

Focuses on the effect of An extension of CAD that

design on assembly builds small prototype
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

The use of information technology to

control machinery
Benefits of CAD and CAM

Product Quality
Shorter Design Time
Production Cost reductions
Database Availability
New Range of Capabilities
Virtual Reality Technology
Form of communication in which images
substitute for reality and tech and
typically allow the user to respond
interactively
 Value Analysis
A review of successful products that
takes place during the production
process.
Ethics, Environmentally-Friendly Designs
and Sustainability
 Sustainability
A production system that supports conservation and
renewal of sources
Systems and Life Cycle Perspectives

Systems Perspective
-View a product in terms of its impact on sustainability

Life Cycle Perspective

-part of a (LCA) Life cycle Assessment initiative. LCA is part of
the ISO 14000; assesses the environmental impact of product
Goals for ethical, environment-friendly designs

Develop safe and more environmentally sound products

Minimize wast of raw materials
Reduce environmental liabilities
Increase cost-effectiveness of complying with environmental
regulations
Be recognized as good corporate citizen.
Guidelines for ethical, environment-friendly designs

1. Make products recyclable.

2. Use recycled materials.

3. Use less harmful ingredients.

4. Use lighter components.

5. Use less energy.

6. Use less material.

Time-Based Competition
 Time-Based Competition
Competition based on time; rapidly developing
products and moving them to market
Strategies
Purchasing Technology by Acquiring a firm

Joint Ventures Alliances

Firms establishing joint Cooperative agreements

ownership to pursue new that all firms to remain
products or markets. independent, but pursue
strategies consistent with
their individual missions.
Defining a Product
 Defining a Product

Function what it is to do

Physical Aspect what it looks like

 Defining a Product

Engineering Drawing Bill of Material

A drawing that shows the A list of components, their

dimensions, tolerances, materials, description, and the quantity of
and finishes of a component each recquired to make one unit
of a product
Make-or-Buy Decisions

The choice between producing a component or a

service and purchasing it from an outside source
Group Technology

A product and component coding system that

specifies the type of processing and the
parameters of the processing; it allows similar
products to be grouped